Numerical modelling present an alternative to the more industry-accepted full-scale trials and physical model tests for predicting ice actions on ships and offshore platforms in a broken ice-field. Before a method is developed or adopted, it is essential to survey the existing methods that modelled relevant aspects of ice-ship interaction processes. This work presents an extensive literature survey of various existing ice-structure interaction models, primarily in the context of their applications to the simulations of stationkeeping and dynamic positioning (DP) of ships and offshore platforms in broken and managed ice-fields. A brief discussion is presented on various modelling methods, highlights of their capabilities, limitations, and applicability for real-time or fast simulations. Most of the computational methods such as finite element method (FEM), discrete element method (DEM), particle in cell (PIC) method, smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method, and other conventional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods require high computation resources. They often take a long calculation time, which is unsuitable for real-time simulations. The suitable methods for such simulations are perhaps the non-smooth DEM (NDEM), 2-D DEM, empirical, and some hybrid methods. Regardless of the methods adopted, validations with quality measurements and observations are paramount to the success of the models.

数值模拟是业界更广泛接受的全面试验和物理模型测试的替代方案，用于预测破碎冰场中船舶和海上平台的冰层作用。在开发或采用一种方法之前，必须调查对冰船相互作用过程的相关方面进行建模的现有方法。这项工作提供了广泛的文献综述，涉及各种现有的冰结构相互作用模型，主要是在它们应用于破碎和管理的冰场中的船舶和海上平台的站位保持和动态定位（DP）仿真的背景下。简要讨论了各种建模方法，重点介绍了它们的功能，局限性以及实时或快速仿真的适用性。大多数计算方法，例如有限元方法（FEM），离散元方法（DEM），单元中粒子（PIC）方法，平滑粒子流体动力学（SPH）方法以及其他常规计算流体动力学（CFD）方法，都需要大量计算资源。它们通常需要很长的计算时间，因此不适合实时仿真。用于此类模拟的合适方法可能是非平滑DEM（NDEM），2-D DEM，经验方法和某些混合方法。无论采用哪种方法，对质量测量和观察的验证对于模型的成功都是至关重要的。它们通常需要很长的计算时间，因此不适合实时仿真。用于此类模拟的合适方法可能是非平滑DEM（NDEM），2-D DEM，经验方法和某些混合方法。无论采用哪种方法，对质量测量和观察的验证对于模型的成功都是至关重要的。它们通常需要很长的计算时间，因此不适合实时仿真。用于此类模拟的合适方法可能是非平滑DEM（NDEM），2-D DEM，经验方法和某些混合方法。无论采用哪种方法，对质量测量和观察的验证对于模型的成功都是至关重要的。