Ficus carica L. is an important source of phenolic and flavonoid compounds with valuable pharmaceutical application across various diseases. The current study was carried out to investigate the influence of Piriformospora indica elicitation on growth, production of phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity, and expression level of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway genes in hairy root (HR) cultures of F. carica. The maximum improvement in accumulation of phenolic compounds was observed when HR culture of Ficus carica L. was exposed to 2% culture filtrate of P. indica for 72 h: gallic acid (80.5- fold), caffeic acid (26.2-fold), coumaric acid (4.5-fold), and cinnamic acid (60.1-fold), apigenin (27.6-fold) and rutin (5.7-fold). While the highest levels of chlorogenic acid (4.9-fold) and quercetin flavonoid (8.8-fold) were obtained after 48 h elicitation with culture filtrate and cell extract of P. indica at 6% (v/v), respectively. The analysis of biosynthetic genes revealed that the exposure to fungal elicitors resulted in up-regulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), UDP-glucose flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) and MYB3 transcription factor. This study shows the potential of P. indica as an efficacious elicitor for enhancing the secondary metabolites production by F. carica HRs.

Ficus carica L. 是酚类和黄酮类化合物的重要来源，在各种疾病中具有宝贵的药物应用价值。目前的研究旨在调查Piriformospora indica诱导对F. carica毛状根 (HR) 培养物中的生长、酚类化合物的产生、抗氧化能力和类黄酮生物合成途径基因表达水平的影响。当榕树的HR 培养物暴露于P. indica 的2% 培养物滤液时，观察到酚类化合物积累的最大改善72 小时：没食子酸（80.5 倍）、咖啡酸（26.2 倍）、香豆酸（4.5 倍）和肉桂酸（60.1 倍）、芹菜素（27.6 倍）和芦丁（5.7 倍） . 而最高水平的绿原酸（4.9 倍）和槲皮素类黄酮（8.8 倍）分别在 6% (v/v) 的培养滤液和P. indica细胞提取物诱导 48 小时后获得。生物合成基因分析表明，暴露于真菌激发子导致苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、查尔酮合酶（CHS）、UDP-葡萄糖黄酮类3-O-葡萄糖基转移酶（UFGT）和MYB3转录因子的上调。这项研究显示了P. indica的潜力作为增强F. carica HR次生代谢物产生的有效诱导剂。