The surface integrity of machined metal components is critical to their in-service functionality, longevity and overall performance. Surface defects induced by machining operations vary from the nano to macro scale, which cause microstructural, mechanical and chemical effects. Hence, they require advanced evaluation and post processing techniques. While surface integrity varies significantly across the range of machining processes, this paper explores the state-of-the-art of surface integrity research with an emphasis on their governing mechanisms and emerging evaluation approaches. In this review, removal mechanisms are grouped by their primary energy transfer mechanisms; mechanical, thermal and chemical based. Accordingly, the resultant multi-scale phenomena associated with metal machining are analyzed. The contribution of these material removal mechanisms to the workpiece surfaces/subsurface characteristics is reviewed. Post-processing options for the mitigation of induced surface defects are also discussed.

机加工金属部件的表面完整性对其在役功能，寿命和整体性能至关重要。机加工操作引起的表面缺陷从纳米到宏观不等，这会导致微观结构，机械和化学作用。因此，它们需要先进的评估和后处理技术。尽管表面完整性在整个加工过程中变化很大，但本文探讨了表面完整性研究的最新技术，重点是其控制机制和新兴的评估方法。在本文中，去除机理按其主要的能量传递机理进行了分类。机械，热学和化学基础。因此，分析了与金属加工相关的合成多尺度现象。回顾了这些材料去除机制对工件表面/亚表面特征的贡献。还讨论了减轻诱导表面缺陷的后处理选项。