The current study examined the effect of walnut shell extracts (WSE) on simultaneous astaxanthin and lipid production by Haematococcus pluvialis under abiotic stress. After supplementation with 15% WSE, the contents of astaxanthin and lipids were enhanced by 77.57% and 23.39%, respectively, compared with the control. The chlorophyll, carbohydrate and protein contents decreased, and the transcription levels of carotenogenic and lipogenic genes, as well as the levels of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH) and light‑oxygen-voltage histidine kinase (LOV-HK), all increased. Further investigation showed that LOV-HK regulated astaxanthin and lipid biosynthesis by mediating carotenogenesis, lipogenesis and ROS signalling. Overall, the present study demonstrated that microalgae cultivation coupled with walnut shell recycling is an effective strategy for hyper-accumulation of astaxanthin and lipids and that there is a pivotal interaction between LOV-HK and ROS in WSE-induced regulation of astaxanthin and lipid synthesis in H. pluvialis.

当前的研究检查了核桃壳提取物（WSE）对同时产红血球菌虾青素和脂质产生的影响在非生物压力下。补充15％WSE后，虾青素和脂质的含量分别比对照组提高了77.57％和23.39％。叶绿素，碳水化合物和蛋白质含量降低，胡萝卜素和脂肪形成基因的转录水平以及活性氧（ROS），谷胱甘肽（GSH）和轻氧电压组氨酸激酶（LOV-HK）的水平，全部增加。进一步的研究表明，LOV-HK通过介导类胡萝卜素生成，脂肪生成和ROS信号传导来调节虾青素和脂质的生物合成。总体，幽门螺杆菌。