Three-dimensional concrete printing (3DCP) is an exciting new manufacturing paradigm for the construction industry. As this technology continues to grow and develop, it is revealing clear signs of progress towards industrial application with various global successes including the manufacturing of pedestrian bridges, houses, office buildings, emergency shelters and military structures. Much of the current research in this field is unsurprisingly focussed on improving and refining the technology for improved strength, reducing time and effort, and maintaining consistent quality, thereby ensuring reliability of the produced structures. Nevertheless, key aspects that have received significantly little attention thus far are the “design rules” for this new manufacturing technology. Novel manufacturing technologies bring along new design capabilities and possibilities, especially complexity in the case of additive manufacturing. This review paper aims to unravel the potential for complexity and, more specifically, bio-inspired design for 3D concrete printing. Three-dimensional concrete printing is ideally suited to take advantage of the numerous design principles from nature, to improve structural properties, minimize material usage and enhance the potential for structures manufactured by 3D concrete printing. We discuss all forms of biomimicry and bio-inspired design for 3D concrete printing – laying a foundation for future work to build on. Successful cases thus far are highlighted and the latent potential of combining bio-inspiration with 3D concrete printing is demonstrated. We hope this review paper stimulates further work towards bio-inspired 3D printed concrete structures with unique properties.

三维混凝土印刷（3DCP）是建筑行业令人兴奋的新制造范例。随着这项技术的不断发展和发展，它显示出在工业应用方面取得明显进展的明显迹象，并在全球取得了许多成功，包括制造人行天桥，房屋，办公楼，紧急避难所和军事结构。毫无疑问，该领域的许多当前研究都集中在改进和改进技术上，以提高强度，减少时间和精力，并保持一致的质量，从而确保所生产结构的可靠性。尽管如此，到目前为止，很少受到关注的关键方面是这种新制造技术的“设计规则”。新颖的制造技术带来了新的设计能力和可能性，尤其是对于增材制造而言更复杂。这篇综述文章旨在揭示复杂性的潜力，更具体地说，是针对3D混凝土打印的生物启发性设计。三维混凝土印刷非常适合利用自然界中的众多设计原则，以改善结构性能，最小化材料用量并增强通过3D混凝土印刷制造的结构的潜力。我们讨论了用于3D混凝土打印的所有形式的仿生和仿生设计，这为将来的工作奠定了基础。到目前为止，成功的案例都得到了强调，并展示了将生物灵感与3D混凝土打印相结合的潜在潜力。