Additive manufacturing allows the production of complex geometries with freedom for layers construction. Build orientation causes mechanical anisotropy and may affect the crystallographic structure enabling custom-tailored properties for the product. Despite the production advantages provided by the Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) process, some inherent defects, such as porosity and residual stress need monitoring to guarantee the agreement with the material application’s requirements. Thus, this study examined the magnetic properties and the residual stress of maraging steel 300 specimens built by PBF in three build orientations (XYZ, XYZ-45, and YZX). The Rowland Ring method enabled the assessment of the static magnetization curve and the quasi-static hysteresis loop. The Barkhausen Noise (BN) characterization followed the Design of Experiments (DOE) to investigate anisotropic effects in two perpendicular directions along the surface (φ = 0° and φ = 90°). Magnetic permeability, coercivity, remanence, and power loss changed according to the build orientations used in the PBF process, and possible reasons for these changes associated with the PBF process are discussed. Moreover, residual stresses evaluated by X-ray diffraction for the three build orientations correlated to BN_rms with r = 0.99 when φ = 90°. The XYZ specimen revealed a compressive stress, which also decreased the BN intensity, though XYZ-45 and YZX presented tensile residual stresses. Thus, the Barkhausen Noise could be used to inspect the residual stress of parts produced by PBF with different build orientations, improving quality management.

增材制造允许生产复杂的几何形状，而无需构造层。构造方向会导致机械各向异性，并可能影响晶体结构，从而为产品提供量身定制的性能。尽管粉末床熔融（PBF）工艺具有生产优势，但仍需监控一些固有缺陷，例如孔隙率和残余应力，以确保与材料应用的要求相符。因此，本研究在三个构建方向（XYZ，XYZ-45和YZX）上检查了由PBF构建的马氏体时效钢300试样的磁性能和残余应力。罗兰环法可以评估静态磁化曲线和准静态磁滞回线。巴克豪森噪声（BN）表征遵循实验设计（DOE）来研究沿表面的两个垂直方向（φ= 0°和φ= 90°）的各向异性效应。磁导率，矫顽力，剩磁和功率损耗根据PBF过程中使用的构造方向而变化，并讨论了与PBF过程相关的这些变化的可能原因。此外，通过X射线衍射评估与BN相关的三个构造方向的残余应力φ= 90°时，r = 0.99的_均方根值。XYZ标本显示出压缩应力，这也降低了BN强度，尽管XYZ-45和YZX表现出拉伸残余应力。因此，巴克豪森噪声可用于检查具有不同构造方向的PBF生产的零件的残余应力，从而改善质量管理。