The vine mealybug (VMB), Planococcus ficus, is a major grapevine pest worldwide, whose chemical control is often unsatisfactory due to its cryptic behavior, insecticide resistance and high fecundity rate. Recently, increasing restrictions have been applied to insecticides used for managing VMB. This review discusses sustainable VMB management strategies in organic viticulture. Pheromone-mediated mating disruption has been proved to be effective in both organic wine and table-grape vineyards. Biocontrol projects carried out through the release of parasitoids and/or predators have often provided inconclusive results, ranging from effective reduction of mealybug infestation to a marginal impact of parasitoids on VMB density. The latter outcome is likely due to constraints affecting the parasitoid activity, such as the disrupting activity of mealybug-tending ants and broad-spectrum insecticides, or untimely release of parasitoids. Ant suppression should be associated with the release of beneficial organisms, as mealybug-tending ants can severely affect the parasitoid activity. Cultural and physical control and the employment of entomopathogens and natural products mitigate the buildup of VMB populations, but they are not widely applied. VMB control in organic viticulture requires the integration of different strategies, as application of single control tools as a stand-alone treatment may not be effective, especially for high pest infestation. Future research to determine the density action threshold below which sustainable methods are effective and calibrate efforts in relation with pest infestation is needed. A multi-disciplinary approach is required to define the most appropriate sustainable control protocols in different environmental conditions and promote a further spread of organic viticulture.

葡萄粉虱（Planetococcus ficus）是世界范围内的主要葡萄害虫，由于其隐秘行为，抗药性和高繁殖力，其化学防治效果通常不理想。最近，对用于管理VMB的杀虫剂施加了越来越严格的限制。这篇评论讨论了有机葡萄栽培中可持续的VMB管理策略。已证明信息素介导的交配破坏在有机酒和餐桌葡萄葡萄园中均有效。通过释放拟寄生物和/或捕食者而进行的生物防治项目通常没有得出结论性的结果，从有效减少粉虱侵袭到寄生物对VMB密度的边际影响不等。后一种结果可能是由于限制因素影响了寄生虫的活动，例如破坏粉虱的蚂蚁和广谱杀虫剂的活性，或不及时释放寄生虫。抑制蚂蚁应与有益生物的释放相关，因为趋于粉虱的蚂蚁会严重影响寄生虫的活动。文化和物理控制以及昆虫病原体和天然产物的使用减轻了VMB种群的增长，但并未得到广泛应用。有机葡萄栽培中VMB的控制需要整合不同的策略，因为单一控制工具作为独立处理方法的应用可能无效，尤其是对于虫害高发地区。为了确定密度作用阈值，需要进行进一步的研究，在该阈值以下，可持续方法是有效的，并且需要针对虫害侵害进行校准。