Tactile representation on touchscreens plays an important role in improving realism and richness of users’ interaction experience. The dynamic lateral force range and the efficient feedback dimensions are very critical in determining the fidelity of tactile displays. This article develops a tri-modal Electrovibration, Ultrasonic Vibration, and Mechanical Vibration (EUMV) tactile display integrating three types of representative principles, which enhances the dynamic lateral force range by leveraging electrostatic and ultrasonic vibrations stimuli, and induces the normal feedback dimension by utilizing mechanical vibration stimulus. Then, a tactile perception scheme with the EUMV display is proposed for simultaneously rendering contour and texture roughness features of visualized surfaces, in which the contour gradient-lateral force model and the texture gradient-perceived roughness model are determined respectively. Objective and subjective evaluations with 20 participants show that the novel scheme establishes significant improvements in both correct recognition ratios of geometric shapes and tactile perception realism of visualized images than the previous studies.

中文翻译：

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三模态触觉显示及其在可视化表面触觉感知中的应用

触摸屏上的触觉表现在提高用户交互体验的真实性和丰富性方面起着重要作用。动态横向力范围和有效的反馈尺寸对于确定触觉显示器的保真度非常关键。本文开发了一种融合三种代表性原理的三模态电振动、超声波振动和机械振动 (EUMV) 触觉显示器，它通过利用静电和超声波振动刺激来增强动态横向力范围，并利用诱导法向反馈维度机械振动刺激。然后，提出了一种具有 EUMV 显示的触觉感知方案，用于同时渲染可视化表面的轮廓和纹理粗糙度特征，其中分别确定了轮廓梯度-侧向力模型和纹理梯度-感知粗糙度模型。对 20 名参与者的客观和主观评估表明，与之前的研究相比，新方案在几何形状的正确识别率和可视化图像的触觉感知真实性方面都有显着提高。