Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) has a variable clinical course with 15% remaining refractory to treatment. We report a woman with severe refractory CIDP and coexisting chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) who improved dramatically after chemoimmunotherapy appropriate for the CLL, including rituximab. A subsequent CIDP relapse after 15 months responded again to similar treatment, and the improvement has been maintained with 3-monthly rituximab infusions as sole ongoing therapy. The case suggests that CIDP refractory to conventional treatment may have associated pathology, in this case haematological malignancy, and that treating the malignancy can effectively treat the CIDP.

中文翻译：

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对化学免疫疗法有反应的慢性淋巴细胞白血病难治性 CIDP

慢性炎性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病 (CIDP) 具有可变的临床病程，15% 的患者仍难治。我们报告了一名患有严重难治性 CIDP 并合并慢性淋巴细胞白血病 (CLL) 的女性，她在接受适合 CLL 的化学免疫疗法（包括利妥昔单抗）后显着改善。15 个月后 CIDP 复发再次对类似治疗有反应，并且通过 3 个月一次的利妥昔单抗输注作为唯一的持续治疗保持了改善。该病例表明，常规治疗难治的 CIDP 可能有相关病理，在这种情况下是血液系统恶性肿瘤，治疗恶性肿瘤可以有效治疗 CIDP。