Preeclampsia (PE) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are the most common complications of pregnancy, which result in adverse outcomes for the mother and the fetus. GDM is regarded as a separate independent risk factor for PE development, as evidenced by a higher preeclampsia rate in gestational diabetes mellitus than in the general population. The role the endothelial cell dysfunction plays is considered to be the most reasonable one in the origin of these diseases. The activity of plasma and tissue angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is believed to be genetically controlled. The available data suggests that increased ACE activity due to deletion (D)/insertion (I) in the 16th intron of ACE gene, which is called ACE gene I/D polymorphism, is associated with preeclampsia and varies depending on the studied population and the geography. We did not find any literature data that estimates the influence of ACE gene I/D polymorphism on PE rate in pregnant women with GDM. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate a relationship between ACE gene I/D polymorphism and preeclampsia development in the case of GDM in the Russian population. The study used the genomic DNA derived by phenol-chloroform extraction method from venous blood samples in 137 pregnant women, including samples of 74 women with GDM accompanied with PE and the blood samples of 63 women with GDM w/o preeclampsia. Genotyping of insertion/deletion in the I/D region (16 intron of АСЕ gene) was conducted by real-time PCR using the TaqMan competing probe technology. The particular features in the frequency array of alleles and genotypes of the ACE gen I/D polymorphism under review, as associated with preeclampsia development risk in pregnant women with GDM, were identified. The acquired data testify to the need to further study of ACE gene I/D region polymorphism association in a large patient sample taking into account the PE and GDM risk factors estimated in the clinical practice.

中文翻译：

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I/D多态性基因ACE与妊娠期糖尿病女性先兆子痫的风险

先兆子痫 (PE) 和妊娠期糖尿病 (GDM) 是最常见的妊娠并发症，会导致母亲和胎儿出现不良后果。GDM 被认为是 PE 发展的一个独立的独立危险因素，妊娠糖尿病的先兆子痫发生率高于一般人群就证明了这一点。内皮细胞功能障碍所起的作用被认为是这些疾病起源中最合理的一种。血浆和组织血管紧张素转化酶 (ACE) 的活性被认为是受基因控制的。现有数据表明，由于 ACE 基因第 16 个内含子的缺失（D）/插入（I）导致 ACE 活性增加，称为 ACE 基因 I/D 多态性，与先兆子痫相关，并因研究人群和地理。我们没有找到任何文献数据估计ACE基因I/D多态性对GDM孕妇PE发生率的影响。因此，本研究旨在研究俄罗斯人群 GDM 中 ACE 基因 I/D 多态性与先兆子痫发展之间的关系。该研究使用苯酚-氯仿提取法从137名孕妇的静脉血样本中提取基因组DNA，其中包括74名GDM合并PE女性的样本和63名GDM无先兆子痫女性的血样。I/D 区（АСЕ 基因的 16 个内含子）中插入/缺失的基因分型是使用 TaqMan 竞争探针技术通过实时 PCR 进行的。正在审查的 ACE 基因 I/D 多态性的等位基因和基因型频率阵列中的特定特征，与 GDM 孕妇的先兆子痫发展风险相关，被确定。获得的数据证明需要在大量患者样本中进一步研究 ACE 基因 I/D 区域多态性关联，同时考虑临床实践中估计的 PE 和 GDM 风险因素。