Whispered speech is a naturally produced mode of communication that lacks a fundamental frequency. Several other acoustic differences exist between whispered and voiced speech, such as speaking rate (measured as segment duration) and formant frequencies. Previous research has shown that listeners are less accurate at identifying linguistic information (e.g., identifying a speech sound) and speaker information (e.g., reporting speaker gender) from whispered speech. To further explore differences between voiced and whispered speech, acoustic differences were examined across three datasets (hVd, sVd, and ʃVd) and three speaker groups (ciswomen, transwomen, cismen). Consistent with previous studies, vowel duration was generally longer in whispered speech and formant frequencies were shifted higher, although the magnitude of these differences depended on vowel and gender. Despite the increase in duration, the acoustic vowel space area (measured either with a vowel quadrilateral or with a convex hull) was smaller in the whispered speech, suggesting that larger vowel space areas are not an automatic consequence of a lengthened articulation. Overall, these findings are consistent with previous literature showing acoustic differences between voiced and whispered speech beyond the articulatory change of eliminating fundamental frequency.

中文翻译：

---

性别不同的说话人的语音和耳语语音之间的声学​​差异

悄悄话语是自然产生的沟通方式，缺乏基本频率。耳语和浊音之间还存在其他一些声学差异，例如语速（以段持续时间衡量）和共振峰频率。先前的研究表明，听众在从耳语中识别语言信息（例如，识别语音）和说话者信息（例如，报告说话者性别）方面不太准确。为了进一步探究有声和低声语音之间的差异，我们在三个数据集（hVd，sVd和ʃVd）和三个说话者组（顺便女，跨女，顺女）之间检查了声学差异。与先前的研究一致，在低语中，元音的持续时间通常更长，共振峰频率会更高，尽管这些差异的大小取决于元音和性别。尽管持续时间有所增加，但在耳语中，声音的元音空间区域（用四边形的元音或凸包测量）较小，这表明较大的元音空间区域并不是延长发音的自动结果。总体而言，这些发现与先前的文献一致，表明消除消除基频的发音变化之外，有声和低语的语音之间存在声学差异。