Multiparty quantum communication provides delightful applications, including quantum cryptographic communication and quantum secret sharing. Quantum communication based on the Greenberg-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state measurement provides a practical way to implement multiparty quantum communication. With the standard spatially localized GHZ state measurement, however, information can be imbalanced among the communication parties that can cause significant problems in some applications of multiparty cryptographic communication, e.g., secret sharing. Here, we propose an equitable multiparty quantum communication where information balance among the communication parties is achieved without a trusted third party. Our scheme is based on the GHZ state measurement that is not spatially localized but implemented in a way that all the distant communication parties symmetrically participate. We also verify the feasibility of our scheme by presenting the proof-of-principle experimental demonstration of informationally balanced three-party quantum communication using weak coherent pulses.

中文翻译：

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没有可信第三方的公平多方量子通信

多方量子通信提供了令人愉悦的应用程序，包括量子密码通信和量子秘密共享。基于Greenberg-Horne-Zeilinger（GHZ）状态测量的量子通信提供了一种实现多方量子通信的实用方法。与标准的空间局部化但是，GHZ状态测量会导致通信双方之间的信息不平衡，这可能在多方密码通信的某些应用程序中引起严重的问题，例如秘密共享。在这里，我们提出了一种公平的多方量子通信，其中通信双方之间的信息平衡是在没有可信第三方的情况下实现的。我们的方案基于GHZ状态测量，该状态在空间上不是局部的，而是以所有远程通信方对称参与的方式实现的。我们还通过提出使用弱相干脉冲的信息平衡三方量子通信的原理实验证明来验证我们方案的可行性。