ABSTRACT

Cellulose fibers obtained from waste pineapple leaves were chemically treated with acid hydrolysis for reduction to nanoscale size. Once the cellulose nanofibers were obtained, they were used as a reinforcing material (0.3%–1.0%) of a chitosan-starch matrix. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy was used to check the morphology and reduction of the fiber, with which it was demonstrated that the chemical structure of cellulose was not damaged. Once the composites were obtained, thermal tests were carried out through a thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, in which it was observed that the thermal stability was not affected by the use of the reinforcement. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis confirmed interactions between hydroxyl groups and amino groups of polysaccharides. Finally, a dynamic mechanical analysis was performed, in which the increase in the storage module of up to 90% was observed with only 0.7% of the nanofiber reinforcement. Through the results obtained in this research, the use of pineapple leaves as raw material for obtaining cellulose nanofibers is verified, which can be an alternative as a use of matrix reinforcement, suggesting an alternative for the replacement of synthetic reinforcements.

摘要

从废菠萝叶中获得的纤维素纤维经过酸水解化学处理以减小到纳米级尺寸。一旦获得纤维素纳米纤维，它们就被用作壳聚糖-淀粉基质的增强材料（0.3%–1.0%）。使用透射和扫描电子显微镜检查纤维的形态和还原情况，表明纤维素的化学结构没有受到破坏。一旦获得复合材料，通过热重分析和差示扫描量热法进行热测试，其中观察到热稳定性不受使用增强材料的影响。傅里叶变换红外 (FTIR) 分析证实了多糖的羟基和氨基之间的相互作用。最后，进行了动态机械分析，其中仅使用 0.7% 的纳米纤维增强材料，就观察到存储模块的增加高达 90%。通过本研究获得的结果，验证了使用菠萝叶作为获得纤维素纳米纤维的原料，它可以作为基质增强材料的替代使用，提出了替代合成增强材料的替代方案。