In overly congested airports requests for landing and take-off slots are allocated according to the IATA World Scheduling Guidelines (WSG). A central concept of these guidelines is the prioritization of the satisfaction of the requested slots according to a hierarchy that recognizes historic usage rights of slots. A number of criteria have been proposed in the literature to optimize airport slot allocation decisions. Multi-objective programming models have been proposed to investigate the trade-offs of the slot allocation objectives for the same level of the slot hierarchy. However, the literature currently lacks models that can study in a systematic way the trade-offs among the scheduling objectives across all levels of the hierarchy and the airport schedule as a whole. To close the existing literature gap, we are proposing a new tri-objective slot allocation model (TOSAM) that considers total schedule displacement, maximum schedule displacement and demand-based fairness, and we introduce a multi-level, multi-objective algorithm to solve it. We are using real world slot request and airport capacity data to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach. Our computational results suggest that the systematic consideration of the interactions among the objectives of the different levels of the slot hierarchy, results to improved schedule-wide slot scheduling performance. In particular, we found that small sacrifices made for the attainment of the scheduling objectives of the upper echelons of the slot hierarchy, result in significant improvements of the schedule-wide objectives.

在过于拥挤的机场，根据IATA世界调度指南（WSG）分配着陆和起飞时间请求。这些准则的中心概念是根据识别插槽历史使用权的层次结构，对请求的插槽的满意度进行优先级排序。在文献中已经提出了许多标准来优化机场时段分配决策。已经提出了多目标编程模型来研究相同等级的时隙层次的时隙分配目标的权衡。但是，目前的文献缺乏可以系统地研究整个层次结构和整个机场时间表中的时间表目标之间的取舍的模型。为了弥补现有的文献空白，我们提出了一种新的三目标时段分配模型（TOSAM），该模型考虑了总计划排量，最大计划排量和基于需求的公平性，并引入了一种多层次，多目标的算法来解决该问题。我们使用现实世界中的航班位请求和机场容量数据来证明所建议方法的适用性。我们的计算结果表明，对插槽层次结构不同级别的目标之间的相互作用进行系统的考虑，可以提高日程安排的插槽调度性能。尤其是，我们发现，为实现时隙层次结构上层梯队的调度目标而做出的一些小牺牲，导致了整个调度范围目标的重大改进。