Pollen, sediment texture, moisture, organic/inorganic carbon content and geochemical analyses of a 1.2m in-depth sediment profile from upper Tundabhuj Lake in the Parvati Valley show that the region supported alpine-scrub vegetation. The forest elements largely consisted of Betula and its broad-leaved allies viz., Quercus, Corylus and Carpinus interspersed with meadow grasses, Asteraceae, Impatiens, etc. under a warm and moderately humid climate from around 17,100 to 14,700 cal yr BP. Additionally, the increase in organic carbon, enrichment of immobile elements (TiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3) and moderate values of the Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA = ∼72) reinforce the warm and moderately humid climate in the catchment. Subsequently, at around 14,700 to 10,600 cal yr BP, an increase in alpine-scrub vegetation dominated by Betula, Corylus and Carpinus was observed. The enrichment of (TiO2, Ni and Cr) and slightly higher CIA values (72–78) indicated relatively more humid conditions than earlier climatic conditions. The climate turned cold and dry between 10,600 and 5400 cal yr BP as deduced from the abrupt reduction in the alpine-scrubs and meadow constituents. During this period immobile elements (Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and Cr) also decreased. In contrast, mobile elements (CaO, Na2O, Sr, and Ba) increased along with a gradual decrease in CIA (minimum at 42.5 cm) and organic carbon content supporting cold and dry climatic conditions. From around 5400 until ∼1600 cal yr BP, the region saw a return of alpine-scrubs and conifers, indicating a relatively warm and humid climate. Increasing CIA values, organic carbon, and concentration of immobile elements also reaffirm relatively warm and humid climatic conditions. In the most recent phase (around 1600 cal yr BP to present), the climate deteriorated as reflected by the depletion of Betula and broad-leaved associates and an increase in dry elements such as Juniperus and Ephedra. The decrease in CIA values, organic carbon and immobile elements (TiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3) substantiate this observation.

花粉，沉积物质地，水分，有机/无机碳含量以及帕尔瓦蒂山谷上部Tundabhuj湖1.2m深度沉积物剖面的地球化学分析表明，该地区支持了高山灌丛植被。森林元素主要由桦属及其阔叶同盟组成，栎，栎和锦鸡儿散布着草地草，菊科，凤仙花等，在BP大约为17,100到14,700 cal温暖和中度潮湿的气候下。此外，有机碳的增加，固定元素（TiO2，Al2O3，Fe2O3）的富集和化学变化指数的适度值（CIA =〜72）增强了流域的温暖和中度潮湿的气候。随后，在大约BP（14,700至10,600 cal yr）年，以桦木为主的高山灌丛植被增加，观察到了锦葵和Carpinus。（TiO2，Ni和Cr）的富集和CIA值略高（72-78）表明与早期气候条件相比，潮湿条件相对更多。由于高山灌木丛和草甸成分的突然减少，气候在BP 10600到5400 cal年之间​​变冷干。在此期间，固定元素（Al2O3，TiO2，Fe2O3和Cr）也减少了。相反，可移动元素（CaO，Na2O，Sr和Ba）随着CIA（最低42.5 cm）和有机碳含量的逐渐降低而增加，从而支持寒冷和干燥的气候条件。从大约5400 BP到大约1600 cal yr BP，该地区出现了高山灌木和针叶树的回归，表明气候相对温暖潮湿。CIA值，有机碳，固定元素的浓度也重申了相对温暖潮湿的气候条件。在最近的阶段（到现在约1600 cal BP），气候恶化，反映在桦木和阔叶同伴的枯竭以及杜松（Juniperus）和麻黄（Ephedra）等干燥元素的增加。CIA值，有机碳和固定元素（TiO2，Al2O3和Fe2O3）的降低证实了这一观察结果。