Background

There is high morbidity in clinical patients with duodenum bulb inflammation. Mucosa-associated microbiota, which are closely related to inflammatory processes, may have a pathogenic role, but the duodenum bulb microbial signature is poorly studied.

Objective

This study aimed to characterize microbial changes associated with duodenum bulb inflammation.

Methods

Mucosal biopsy is commonly used to assess microbial communities associated with the intestinal mucosa. Sixteen patients (8 with duodenum bulb inflammation and 8 controls) underwent gastroscopy, and duodenal bulb biopsies were obtained. Diagnoses were based on both endoscopic and histological findings. To determine microbiota composition and diversity, 454 pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA and multiple bioinformatics analyses were performed. OTU-level alpha diversity indices, such as the Chao1 richness estimator, abundance-based coverage estimator (ACE) metric, Shannon diversity index, and Simpson index, were calculated using the OTU table in QIIME.

Results

More OTUs were identified in the normal samples (781) than in the inflammatory samples (553). Metastats analysis identified 19 phyla and 97 genera that were significantly different between the two groups, and the beta diversity was significantly different between the two groups (unweighted UniFrac: P = 0.001; weighted UniFrac: P = 0.001). For all individuals, composition analyses showed that the most abundant phyla in the duodenal bulb samples were Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. The phylogenetic diversity of the microbiota in the duodenal bulbs of healthy volunteers was higher than that in volunteers with inflammation. Dominant microbes differed between the DN samples and DI samples. The most frequently represented genera in the DN samples were Cetobacterium, Aeromonadaceae, and Clostridium (accounting for 58.4%, 8.5%, and 4.8% of the total, respectively), and the dominant genera in the DI samples were Cetobacterium, Cupriavidus, and Helicobacter (accounting for 43.6%, 13.1%, 4.5% of the total, respectively). Significant differences in the microbiota were observed between those exhibiting an inflammatory state and the controls.

Conclusions

These results confirm that the dominant species in duodenum bulbs differ between healthy subjects and patients with inflammation and that mucosal microbiome dysbiosis is involved in the development of duodenum bulb inflammation.

中文翻译：

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黏膜微生物组营养不良与十二指肠球炎相关

背景

十二指肠球炎临床患者的发病率很高。与炎症过程密切相关的与粘膜相关的微生物群可能具有致病作用，但对十二指肠球菌微生物特征的研究很少。

目的

这项研究旨在表征与十二指肠球茎炎症相关的微生物变化。

方法

粘膜活检通常用于评估与肠粘膜相关的微生物群落。进行胃镜检查16例（十二指肠球发炎8例，对照组8例），并进行了十二指肠球活检。诊断基于内窥镜检查和组织学检查。为了确定微生物群的组成和多样性，对细菌16S rRNA进行了454次焦磷酸测序和多种生物信息学分析。使用QIIME中的OTU表计算了诸如Chao1丰富度估计量，基于丰度的覆盖率估计量（ACE）度量标准，Shannon分集指数和Simpson指数等OTU级别的Alpha多样性指数。

结果

在正常样品（781）中鉴定出的OTU比在炎症样品（553）中更多。Metastats分析确定了两组之间的19个门和97个属显着不同，并且两组之间的beta多样性也显着不同（未加权的UniFrac：P = 0.001；加权的UniFrac：P = 0.001）。对于所有的人，组成分析表明，十二指肠球样品中最丰富的门类是Fusobacteria，变形菌门，厚壁菌门，拟杆菌和放线菌。健康志愿者的十二指肠球菌中微生物群的系统发育多样性高于发炎的志愿者。DN样品和DI样品之间的优势微生物有所不同。DN样本中最常出现的属是盲肠杆菌，气单胞菌科和梭状芽胞杆菌（分别占总数的58.4％，8.5％和4.8％），DI样本中占主导地位的属是盲肠杆菌，Cupriavidus和幽门螺杆菌。（分别占总数的43.6％，13.1％和4.5％）。在表现出炎症状态的细菌和对照之间观察到微生物群的显着差异。

结论

这些结果证实了健康受试者和发炎患者之间十二指肠球中的优势种是不同的，并且粘膜微生物组营养不良与十二指肠球炎的发展有关。