Photolyases are enzymes that repair DNA damage caused by solar radiation. Due to their photorepair potential, photolyases added in topical creams and used in medical treatments has allowed to reverse skin damage and prevent the development of different diseases, including actinic keratosis, premature photoaging and cancer. For this reason, research has been oriented to the study of new photolyases performing in extreme environments, where high doses of UV radiation may be a key factor for these enzymes to have perfected their photorepair potential. Generally, the extracted enzymes are first encapsulated and then added to the topical creams to increase their stability. However, other well consolidated immobilization methods are interesting strategies to be studied that may improve the biocatalyst performance. This review aims to go through the different Antarctic organisms that have exhibited photoreactivation activity, explaining the main mechanisms of photolyase DNA photorepair. The challenges of immobilizing these enzymes on porous and nanostructured supports is also discussed. The comparison of the most reported immobilization methods with respect to the structure of photolyases show that both covalent and ionic immobilization methods produced an increase in their stability. Moreover, the use of nanosized materials as photolyase support would permit the incorporation of the biocatalyst into the target cell, which is a technological requirement that photolyase based biocatalysts must fulfill.

光解酶是修复由太阳辐射引起的DNA损伤的酶。由于它们具有光修复的潜力，因此在局部乳膏中添加并用于医学治疗的光解酶可以逆转皮肤损伤并防止各种疾病的发展，包括光化性角化病，过早的光老化和癌症。因此，研究的重点是在极端环境下的新型光解酶的研究，在这种环境中，高剂量的紫外线辐射可能是这些酶完善其光修复潜能的关键因素。通常，首先将提取的酶包封，然后添加到局部乳膏中以增加其稳定性。但是，其他固结牢固的固定方法是值得研究的有趣策略，可以提高生物催化剂的性能。这篇综述旨在研究表现出光活化活性的不同南极生物，解释光裂解酶DNA光修复的主要机制。还讨论了将这些酶固定在多孔和纳米结构载体上的挑战。比较大多数报道的固定化方法与光裂解酶的结构，发现共价固定和离子固定化方法均提高了其稳定性。此外，使用纳米级材料作为光解酶载体将允许将生物催化剂掺入靶细胞中，这是基于光解酶的生物催化剂必须满足的技术要求。还讨论了将这些酶固定在多孔和纳米结构载体上的挑战。比较大多数报道的固定化方法与光裂解酶的结构，发现共价固定和离子固定化方法均提高了其稳定性。此外，使用纳米级材料作为光解酶载体将允许将生物催化剂掺入靶细胞中，这是基于光解酶的生物催化剂必须满足的技术要求。还讨论了将这些酶固定在多孔和纳米结构载体上的挑战。比较大多数报道的固定化方法与光裂解酶的结构，发现共价固定和离子固定化方法均提高了其稳定性。此外，使用纳米级材料作为光解酶载体将允许将生物催化剂掺入靶细胞中，这是基于光解酶的生物催化剂必须满足的技术要求。