Battery storage is expected to play a crucial role in the low-carbon transformation of energy systems. The deployment of battery storage in the power grid, however, is currently limited by its low economic viability, which results from not only high capital costs but also the lack of flexible and efficient utilization schemes and business models. Making utility-scale battery storage portable through trucking unlocks its capability to provide various on-demand services. We introduce the potential applications of utility-scale portable energy storage and investigate its economics in California using a spatiotemporal decision model that determines the optimal operation and transportation schedules of portable storage. We show that mobilizing energy storage can increase its life-cycle revenues by 70% in some areas and improve renewable energy integration by relieving local transmission congestion. The life-cycle revenue of spatiotemporal arbitrage can fully compensate for the costs of a portable energy storage system in several regions in California.

电池存储有望在能源系统的低碳转型中发挥关键作用。然而，目前电池存储在电网中的部署受到其低的经济可行性的限制，这不仅是由于高昂的资本成本，而且还缺乏灵活有效的利用方案和商业模式。通过卡车使公用事业规模的电池存储变得便携，从而释放了其提供各种按需服务的能力。我们介绍了公用事业规模的便携式储能装置的潜在应用，并使用时空决策模型研究其在加利福尼亚的经济状况，该模型确定了便携式储能装置的最佳运行和运输时间表。我们表明，动员储能可以在某些地区将其生命周期收入提高70％，并通过缓解局部输电拥堵来改善可再生能源整合。时空套利的生命周期收入可以完全弥补加利福尼亚几个地区便携式能源存储系统的成本。