Springtails (Collembola) are the most abundant arthropods in terrestrial ecosystems and, are considered as key indicators of organic matter turnover and soil functioning. Mixture of tree species are often regarded as a mean to improve tree growth, soil fertility and biodiversity.

We compared α-diversity, taxonomic β-diversity and functional diversity of Collembola of mixed forest stands to pure stands in two forest sites, a mountain and a lowland site composed of a coniferous and a deciduous species for effect on. We choose sessile oak (Quercus petraea) and Scot pine (Pinus sylvestris) in lowland, and beech (Fagus sylvatica) and silver fir (Abies alba) in mountain stands.

In total 41 species Collembola were identified. We showed that richness and abundance in mixed stands were in between those found in the pure stands, with a more pronounced response of the soil fauna in lowland compared to mountain. In the lowland, Shannon diversity index followed the same pattern, and we found species richness from 6.3 to 11.7 mean species, and 4400 to 9000 ind.m⁻², dominated by epedaphic group. In the mountain, we found species richness from 7 to 9 mean species, and 6600 to 103,000 ind.m⁻², dominated by euedaphic group.

Among the 12 soil and litter characteristics, many differs between sites and/or stand type. The best predictors of the model explaining differences in mean Collembola were litter chemical composition including the lignin to N ratio and C to N ratio. Soil characteristics, such as humus index, organic layer thickness or pH, was also a good predictors for some life-forms and one or the other site.

In addition, mixture modified Collembola community structure with some species found only in the pure stands. Jaccard similarity index showed that mixture, even composed of different tree species, homogenized Collembola community structure.

We conclude that mixture of tree species in temperate forests can locally increase Collembola diversity, but this management should not be generalized to maximize the β-diversity.

跳尾（Collembola）是陆地生态系统中最丰富的节肢动物，被认为是有机物周转和土壤功能的关键指标。树种的混合通常被认为是改善树木生长，土壤肥力和生物多样性的一种手段。

我们比较了混交林分立植物Collembola的α多样性，分类学β多样性和功能多样性与两个林地（山地和低地，由针叶和落叶树种组成）的纯林地的影响。在低地，我们选择无梗橡木（Quercus petraea）和苏格兰松（Pinus sylvestris），在山地上选择山毛榉（Fagus sylvatica）和银杉（Abies alba）。

总共鉴定出41种Collembola。我们表明，混合林中的丰富度和丰度介于纯林中，与低地相比，低地土壤动物的反应更为明显。在低地，香农多样性指数遵循相同的模式，我们发现物种丰富度从6.3到11.7的平均物种，从4400到9000 ind.m ^-2，主要由埃德波海族为主。在该山中，我们发现物种丰富度为7至9个平均物种，以及6600至103,000 ind.m ^-2，主要是由疏生种群组成。

在12种土壤和凋落物特征中，地点和/或林分类型之间存在许多差异。解释平均Collembola差异的模型的最佳预测指标是凋落物化学成分，包括木质素与氮的比率以及碳与氮的比率。土壤特征，例如腐殖质指数，有机层厚度或pH值，对于某些生命形式和一个或另一个地点也是很好的预测指标。

此外，混合修饰的Collembola群落结构与仅在纯林中发现的一些物种。Jaccard相似性指数表明，即使由不同树种组成的混合物，均能使Collembola群落结构均匀。

我们得出的结论是，温带森林中树木物种的混合可以局部增加Collembola的多样性，但是这种管理方法不应泛泛化以最大化β多样性。