The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) evolved early among vertebrates and remains functioning throughout the vertebrate phylogeny and has adapted to various environments. The RAS is crucial for the regulation of blood pressure, fluid-electrolyte balance and tissue homeostasis. The RAS is also expressed during early ontogeny in renal and extra-renal tissues, and exerts unique vascular growth and differentiation functions. In this brief review, we describe advances from molecular-genetic and whole animal approaches and discuss similarities and unique aspects of the RAS in the context of embryonic development and vertebrates' phylogeny.

中文翻译：

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肾素-血管紧张素系统的系统发育和个体发育：当前观点和观点

肾素-血管紧张素系统 (RAS) 在脊椎动物中早期进化并在整个脊椎动物系统发育过程中保持功能并适应各种环境。RAS对于调节血压、液体电解质平衡和组织稳态至关重要。RAS 也在肾和肾外组织的早期个体发育过程中表达，并发挥独特的血管生长和分化功能。在这篇简短的回顾中，我们描述了分子遗传学和整个动物方法的进展，并讨论了 RAS 在胚胎发育和脊椎动物系统发育方面的相似性和独特性。