Abstract

Aims

Emerging adulthood (i.e. ages 18–25) is a developmental phase associated with frequent alcohol and cannabis use, placing this population at risk for substance use problems. Depression and anxiety (i.e. emotional psychopathology) are also prevalent during this phase, and some emerging adults use substances to cope with these negative emotions. Mindfulness—a multifaceted construct—involves being present in a nonjudgmental and nonreactive way. Certain mindfulness facets are particularly relevant in buffering against substance use. A recent longitudinal study [Single A, Bilevicius E, Johnson EA. et al. (2019) Specific facets of trait mindfulness reduce risk for alcohol and drug use among first-year undergraduate students. Mindfulness 10:1269–1279] showed that specific mindfulness facets (i.e. acting with awareness, nonjudging of inner experience and nonreactivity to inner experience) predicted decreased alcohol and drug use in undergraduates. These pathways were explained by low levels of emotional psychopathology.

Methods

This study expanded this recent work by using a three time-point longitudinal design and by including measures of both alcohol and cannabis use and related problems. Using MTurk, participants (N = 299) completed online measures of trait mindfulness, depression, anxiety, alcohol and cannabis use and related problems at three time-points, each 2 weeks apart. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses.

Results

The acting with awareness and nonjudging of inner experience facets predicted fewer alcohol problems, but not alcohol use, and this effect was mediated by low levels of emotional psychopathology. These results were not supported for cannabis use and problems.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that there may be differences in the pathways from trait mindfulness to alcohol and cannabis use during emerging adulthood.

中文翻译：

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检查正念方面与新兴成人物质使用之间的前瞻性关联

摘要

宗旨

即将进入成年期（即 18-25 岁）是一个与频繁使用酒精和大麻相关的发育阶段，使该人群面临物质使用问题的风险。抑郁和焦虑（即情绪精神病理学）在这个阶段也很普遍，一些新兴的成年人使用物质来应对这些负面情绪。正念——一种多方面的结构——涉及以一种非判断性和非反应性的方式存在。某些正念方面与缓冲物质使用特别相关。最近的一项纵向研究 [Single A, Bilevicius E, Johnson EA. 等。(2019) 特质正念的特定方面降低了一年级本科生饮酒和吸毒的风险。正念 10:1269-1279] 表明特定的正念方面（即有意识地行动，对内在体验不做判断和对内在体验无反应）预测本科生酒精和药物使用的减少。这些途径是由低水平的情绪精神病理学解释的。

方法

这项研究通过使用三个时间点纵向设计并包括酒精和大麻使用及相关问题的措施，扩展了最近的工作。使用 MTurk，参与者 ( N  = 299) 在三个时间点完成了对特质正念、抑郁、焦虑、酒精和大麻使用以及相关问题的在线测量，每间隔 2 周。结构方程模型用于检验假设。

结果

有意识和不判断内在体验方面的行为预测了较少的酒精问题，但不是酒精使用，并且这种影响是由低水平的情绪精神病理学介导的。这些结果不受大麻使用和问题的支持。

结论

这项研究表明，在成年期从特质正念到酒精和大麻使用的途径可能存在差异。