Little is known about localized, near-field soundscapes during offshore hydrocarbon drilling campaigns. In the Dogger Bank, North Sea, underwater noise recordings were made 41–60 m from the drill stem of the Noble Kolskaya jack-up exploration drilling rig. The aims were to document noise received levels (RLs) and frequency characteristics of rig-associated near-field noise. The rig produced sound pressure levels (SPLs) of 120 dB re 1 μPa in the frequency range of 2–1400 Hz. Over transient periods, RLs varied by 15–20 dB between softest (holding) and noisiest (drilling) operations. Tonal components at different frequencies varied with depth. Support vessel noise was significantly louder than the jack-up rig at frequencies <1 kHz, even in its noisiest “boulder-drilling” phase, though radiated noise levels were higher above 2 kHz. Rig SPLs fell rapidly above 8 kHz. Marine mammals, such as harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) forage regularly near offshore oil and gas rigs and platforms, and it is predicted that animals experience different noise regimes while traversing the water column and can potentially detect the higher-frequency components of drilling noise to a distance of 70 m from the source; however, while levels were unlikely to cause auditory injury, effects on echolocation behavior are still unknown.

中文翻译：

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Dogger银行北海海上石油勘探自升式钻机的近水下声景

在海上油气钻探活动期间，对局部近场声景知之甚少。在北海的Dogger银行，Noble Kolskaya钻杆的水下钻出了41–60 m的水下噪音自升式勘探钻机。目的是记录与设备相关的近场噪声的噪声接收水平（RLs）和频率特性。该设备在2–1400 Hz的频率范围内产生120 dB re 1μPa的声压级（SPL）。在瞬态期间，最软（保持）和最嘈杂（钻探）操作之间的RL变化15-20 dB。不同频率的音调分量随深度而变化。即使在其最嘈杂的“巨石钻孔”阶段，即使辐射噪声水平高于2 kHz，其支持船的噪声在<1 kHz的频率下也比自升式钻机的噪声大得多。钻机声压级迅速下降到8 kHz以上。海洋哺乳动物，例如海豚（Phocoena phocoena）在近海石油和天然气钻机和平台附近定期觅食，据预测，动物在穿越水柱时会遇到不同的噪声状况，并有可能在距震源70 m的距离检测到更高频率的钻井噪声；然而，尽管水平不太可能引起听觉损伤，但对回声定位行为的影响仍然未知。