ABSTRACT

The aim of the study was to produce biodiesel from animal oil as non-edible feedstock. Three different concentrations of oils were used to produce the biodiesel. The main characteristic of these oils was high-free fatty acid content. The oils were transesterified with acid and basic catalysts, respectively. Biodiesel yield of 90 wt.% was obtained by acid transesterification (9 wt.% HCl, 6:1 methanol: oil molar ratio, 60°C, 46 h). Pre-esterification conditions were studied using different oils and acid catalysts: 0.6 wt.% HCl, 6:1 methanol: oil molar ratio at 60°C for 4 h, and this resulted in oil with an acid value of less than 0.8%. Under similar transesterification conditions, alkali transesterification of esterified fats resulted in the yield of 97.2 wt.% esters. Biodiesel properties were determined and most of the properties were within EN 14214 and ASTM D6751. Biodiesel from animal fats is less stable for oxidation and this is due to the absence of natural antioxidants as compared to the biodiesel of vegetable origin. For this reason, biodiesel produced from animal fats might not be adequate to use at 100% pure in vehicles during cold weather.

摘要

该研究的目的是从动物油中生产生物柴油作为不可食用的原料。使用三种不同浓度的油来生产生物柴油。这些油的主要特征是高游离脂肪酸含量。将油分别用酸和碱性催化剂酯交换。通过酸酯交换反应（9 wt。％HCl，6：1甲醇与油的摩尔比，60°C，46 h）获得90 wt。％的生物柴油收率。使用不同的油和酸催化剂：0.6 wt。％HCl，6：1甲醇与油的摩尔比，在60°C下进行4小时的酯化前条件研究，结果酸值小于0.8％。在相似的酯交换条件下，酯化脂肪的碱酯交换反应产生97.2重量％的酯收率。确定了生物柴油的性能，大多数性能均在EN 14214和ASTM D6751范围内。来自动物脂肪的生物柴油氧化稳定性较差，这是由于与植物来源的生物柴油相比缺乏天然抗氧化剂。因此，在寒冷天气下，由动物脂肪生产的生物柴油可能不足以在汽车中以100％的纯度使用。