A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles,Journal of Systematics and Evolution

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A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles
Journal of Systematics and Evolution ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-28 , DOI: 10.1111/jse.12722
Eric H. Roalson ₁ , Pedro Jiménez‐Mejías _{2,

3} , Andrew L. Hipp ₄ , Carmen Benítez‐Benítez ₅ , Leo P. Bruederle ₆ , Kyong‐Sook Chung ₇ , Marcial Escudero ₈ , Bruce A. Ford ₉ , Kerry Ford ₁₀ , Sebastian Gebauer ₁₁ , Berit Gehrke ₁₂ , Marlene Hahn ₄ , Muhammad Qasim Hayat ₁₃ , Mathias H. Hoffmann ₁₁ , Xiao‐Feng Jin ₁₄ , Sangtae Kim ₁₅ , Isabel Larridon _{16,

17} , Étienne Léveillé‐Bourret ₁₈ , Yi‐Fei Lu ₁₉ , Modesto Luceño ₅ , Enrique Maguilla ₈ , Jose Ignacio Márquez‐Corro ₅ , Santiago Martín‐Bravo ₅ , Tomomi Masaki ₂₀ , Mónica Míguez ₅ , Robert F. C. Naczi ₂₁ , Anton A. Reznicek ₂₂ , Daniel Spalink ₂₃ , Julian R. Starr ₂₄ , Uzma ₁₃ , Tamara Villaverde ₂₅ , Marcia J. Waterway ₂₆ , Karen L. Wilson ₂₇ , Shuren Zhang ₂₈

Affiliation

School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University Pullman Washington 99164‐4236 USA
Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Madrid c/ Darwin 2 28049 Madrid Spain
Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC‐UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
The Morton Arboretum 4100 Illinois Route 53 Lisle IL 60532 USA
Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering Universidad Pablo de Olavide 41013 Sevilla Spain
Department of Integrative Biology University of Colorado Denver Denver CO 80217‐3364 USA
Jungwon University Goesan Chungbuk South Korea
Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología Área de Botánica, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla 41012 Sevilla Spain
Department of Biological Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba R3T 2N2 Canada
Allan Herbarium, Manaaki‐Whenua Landcare Research PO Box 69040 Lincoln 7640 Canterbury New Zealand
Department of Systematic Botany Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg, Geobotany and Botanical Garden D‐06108 Halle (Saale) Germany
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz D‐55122 Mainz Germany
Plant Systematics and Evolution Laboratory, Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta‐Ur‐Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Islamabad Pakistan
College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 China
Department of Biology Sungshin Women's University Seoul 01133 South Korea
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond Surrey TW9 3AE United Kingdom
Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Lab, Department of Biology, Ghent University K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 9000 Gent Belgium
Université de Montréal, Département de sciences biologiques, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale 4101 Sherbrooke East Montréal Quebec H1X 2B2 Canada
College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
Department of Biosphere‐Geosphere Science Faculty of Biosphere‐Geosphere Science, Okayama University of Science Okayama 700‐0005 Japan
New York Botanical Garden, Bronx NY 10458 USA
University of Michigan Herbarium Ann Arbor MI 48108 USA
Department of Ecosystem Science & Management Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843 USA
Department of Biology University of Ottawa, Gendron Hall Room 160, 30 Marie Curie Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada
Departamento de Biología y Geología Universidad de Almería Ctra. Sacramento s/n. 04120 Almería Spain
Plant Science Department, McGill University Ste‐Anne‐de‐Bellevue QC H9X 3V9 Canada
National Herbarium New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Botany Beijing China

Phylogenetic studies of Carex L. (Cyperaceae) have consistently demonstrated that most subgenera and sections are para- or polyphyletic. Yet, taxonomists continue to use subgenera and sections in Carex classification. Why? The Global Carex Group (GCG) here takes the position that the historical and continued use of subgenera and sections serves to (i) organize our understanding of lineages in Carex, (ii) create an identification mechanism to break the ~2000 species of Carex into manageable groups and stimulate its study, and (iii) provide a framework to recognize morphologically diagnosable lineages within Carex. Unfortunately, the current understanding of phylogenetic relationships in Carex is not yet sufficient for a global reclassification of the genus within a Linnean infrageneric (sectional) framework. Rather than leaving Carex classification in its current state, which is misleading and confusing, we here take the intermediate steps of implementing the recently revised subgeneric classification and using a combination of informally named clades and formally named sections to reflect the current state of our knowledge. This hybrid classification framework is presented in an order corresponding to a linear arrangement of the clades on a ladderized phylogeny, largely based on the recent phylogenies published by the GCG. It organizes Carex into six subgenera, which are, in turn, subdivided into 62 formally named Linnean sections plus 49 informal groups. This framework will serve as a roadmap for research on Carex phylogeny, enabling further development of a complete reclassification by presenting relevant morphological and geographical information on clades where possible and standardizing the use of formal sectional names.

中文翻译：

Carex (Cyperaceae) 的框架属下分类及其组织原则

Carex L.（莎草科）的系统发育研究一致表明，大多数亚属和部分是副系或多系的。然而，分类学家继续在Carex分类中使用亚属和部分。为什么？全球Carex小组 (GCG) 在这里采取的立场是，亚属和部分的历史和持续使用有助于 (i) 组织我们对Carex谱系的理解，(ii) 创建一种识别机制，将大约 2000 种Carex分为可管理的群体并刺激其研究，以及 (iii) 提供一个框架来识别Carex 中可通过形态学诊断的谱系. 不幸的是，目前对Carex中系统发育关系的理解还不足以在 Linnean 属下（部分）框架内对该属进行全球重新分类。与其将Carex分类留在其当前状态，这会产生误导和混淆，我们在这里采取中间步骤实施最近修订的亚属分类，并使用非正式命名的进化枝和正式命名的部分的组合来反映我们知识的当前状态。这种混合分类框架以对应于梯级系统发育上进化枝的线性排列的顺序呈现，主要基于 GCG 最近发布的系统发育。它组织Carex分为 6 个亚属，这些亚属又细分为 62 个正式命名的 Linnean 部分和 49 个非正式组。该框架将作为Carex系统发育研究的路线图，通过在可能的情况下提供有关进化枝的相关形态学和地理信息并标准化正式截面名称的使用，从而进一步发展完整的重新分类。

更新日期：2020-12-28

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