Truck platooning enables a group of trucks to move close together, which helps reduce truck fuel use and increase effective road capacity. In this paper, a system-level equilibrium model is developed to characterize spontaneous truck platooning with coexistence of non-platooning vehicles in a network, by explicitly accounting for the interlocking relationship among platoon formation time, truck fuel saving, and increase in effective road capacity. To equilibrate the relationships, an algorithm is proposed which involves a diagonalization approach and a bush-based algorithm to solve decomposed subproblems. The condition of proportionality is imposed to obtain unique traffic flows for each class of vehicles on road links. In addition, a spatially constrained multivariate clustering technique is employed to construct origin/destination zones that are smaller than the coarse Freight Analysis Framework (FAF) zones, while maintaining reasonable computational burden for network traffic assignment. Model implementation in the U.S. shows that platooning could lead to 7.9% fuel saving among platoonable trucks in 2025 and a comparable increase in effective capacity of platoonable road links, which would account for 60% of rural interstate roads. The fuel saving and road capacity improvement translate into an annual cost reduction of $868 million for the U.S. intercity trucking sector and reduced road infrastructure investment needs worth $4.8 billion. Extensive sensitivity analysis further reveals that fuel saving of platoonable trucks increases with platoon size but decreases with inter-truck distance in a platoon. Fuel saving potential suggests that priority should be given to rural rather than urban roads in deploying platooning technologies. As expected, greater market penetration of platooning technologies means higher fuel saving and greater increase in effective road capacity.

卡车排能够使一组卡车靠得很近，这有助于减少卡车的燃料消耗并提高有效道路通行能力。本文建立了系统级平衡模型，通过明确考虑成排时间，卡车节油和有效道路通行能力之间的连锁关系，来描述自发卡车排与网络中非排行汽车并存的特征。 。为了平衡这些关系，提出了一种算法，该算法涉及对角化方法和基于灌木的算法来解决分解的子问题。施加比例条件是为了获得道路链路上每类车辆的唯一交通流量。此外，使用空间受限的多元聚类技术来构造比粗货运分析框架（FAF）区域小的起始/目的地区域，同时保持合理的网络流量分配计算负担。美国的模型执行情况显示，到2025年，成排可在可成排卡车中节省7.9％的燃油，可成排道路的有效通行能力也相应增加，这将占农村州际公路的60％。燃料节省和道路通行能力的提高，使美国城市间卡车运输业的年度成本降低了8.68亿美元，道路基础设施投资需求减少了48亿美元。广泛的敏感性分析进一步表明，可排卡车的燃油节省量随排量的增加而增加，但随着排内卡车间距的增加而减少。节省燃油的潜力表明，在部署排式技术时应优先考虑农村道路而不是城市道路。正如预期的那样，成排技术在市场上的渗透率更高，意味着可以节省更多的燃油，并提高有效道路通行能力。