Abstract—

This review summarizes the results of the study of bacterial communities of seasonally thawed soil horizons in the polar tundra of Russia. It has been shown that the representatives of different physiological groups of microorganisms developing in the soils of this extremely cold habitat are involved in the global biological cycle of carbon. Light has been thrown upon the role of microorganisms in the formation of volatile organic compounds including gases (methane, hydrogen) during anaerobic decomposition of soil organic matter and their uptake by aerobic bacteria, which are a kind of bacterial filter for volatile organic compounds on their way to the atmosphere. It has been shown that the bacteria of Soehngen cycle developing in the soil of the polar tundra of Russia at low temperatures control the flow of methane, one of the greenhouse gases formed by the anaerobic microbial community at the methanogenic step, into the atmosphere. The community also includes methylotrophic bacteria using oxidized and substituted methane derivatives as carbon and energy sources, which are a biofilter for volatile C₁ compounds on their way to the atmosphere. The pure cultures of psychrophilic and psychroactive representatives of hydrogen, methanotrophic, methylotrophic, heterotrophic bacteria of the microbial community of tundra soil have been described. It has been shown that the microbial community is characterized by high species diversity. In general, the bacteria of the seasonally thawed horizon of tundra soil are adapted to exist in extreme habitats: cold tundra ecosystems.

中文翻译：

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俄罗斯极寒带苔原土壤的细菌多样性

摘要-

这篇综述总结了俄罗斯极地冻原上季节性融化土壤层中细菌群落的研究结果。已经显示出，在这种极冷的栖息地的土壤中生长的微生物的不同生理群体的代表参与了碳的全球生物循环。在土壤有机物厌氧分解过程中，微生物在形成挥发性有机化合物（包括气体（甲烷，氢气））以及由好氧细菌吸收过程中发挥了重要作用，这是一种在其上挥发性有机化合物的细菌过滤器通向大气的方式。研究表明，低温下在俄罗斯极地苔原土壤中生长的Soehngen循环细菌可控制甲烷的流量，厌氧微生物群落在产甲烷步骤中形成的一种温室气体进入大气。该社区还包括使用氧化的和取代的甲烷衍生物作为碳和能源的甲基营养细菌，它们是挥发性碳的生物过滤器。_1种化合物进入大气。已经描述了苔原土壤微生物群落中氢，甲烷营养，甲基营养，异养细菌的嗜温和精神活性代表的纯培养物。已经表明，微生物群落的特征是物种多样性高。通常，苔原土壤季节性融化的细菌适于在极端栖息地中生存：寒冷的苔原生态系统。