Abstract

Changes in forest cover in the center of the East European Plain (Central Russian Upland) from the end of the 19th century to the end of 20th century have been assessed. Over that period, forest cover has increased in the northern part of the studied territory and declined in the southern part. After the end of the 1990s and beginning of 2000s, increases in forest cover occurred within the subzones of mixed coniferous–broad-leaved forest, while in the southern regions it has hardly manifested at all. The fallow land overgrowth rate, without any anthropogenic interference, has been determined for the Central Russian Upland (from 10 to 50% of fallow area has been covered by forest vegetation over a period of 10 years), decreasing gradually in from west-northwest to east-southeast. Special attention is paid to the forests that grew on nonforested lands over a period of 150 years. This process occurs everywhere in the northern part of the Upland and along the river valleys in the southern part. The forest structure of newly formed forests is studied as well (deciduous, mixed, pine, and spruce). In the southern parts of the Central Russian Upland, the newly grown forests are mostly pine plantations. The analysis of the field data suggests that, in the Central Russian Upland, within the broadleaved forests subzone, fallows are usually overgrown with birch (Betula pendula), or, less frequently, with aspen (Populus tremula). On the western and southwestern slopes, the overgrowth occurs with broadleaved (Querqus robur and Acer platanoides), small-leaved (Populus tremula), and steppe species (Prúnus spinósa, Malus praecox, and Pyrus pyraster). In the south, overgrown fallows are dominated by steppe or adventive species (Acer negundo).

中文翻译：

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过去150年中东欧平原中心的森林覆盖变化

摘要

评估了19世纪末至20世纪末东欧平原（中部俄罗斯高地）中部森林覆盖率的变化。在此期间，研究区域的北部森林覆盖率增加，而南部则减少。在1990年代末和2000年代初之后，针叶阔叶混交林分区域内森林覆盖率增加，而在南部地区则几乎没有表现出来。已确定俄罗斯中部高地的休耕地过度生长率，没有任何人为干扰（在10年的时间里，休耕面积的10％至5​​0％被森林植被覆盖），从西北向西北逐渐降低到东东南。特别注意在150年内非林地上生长的森林。这个过程发生在高地北部的任何地方，以及南部的河谷。还研究了新形成的森林的森林结构（落叶，混合，松木和云杉）。在俄罗斯中部高地的南部，新近生长的森林主要是松树人工林。对现场数据的分析表明，在俄罗斯中部高地，阔叶林次区域内，休耕地通常以桦树过度生长（在俄罗斯中部高地的南部，新近生长的森林主要是松树人工林。对现场数据的分析表明，在俄罗斯中部高地，阔叶林次区域内，休耕地通常以桦树过度生长（在俄罗斯中部高地的南部，新近生长的森林主要是松树人工林。对现场数据的分析表明，在俄罗斯中部高地，阔叶林次区域内，休耕地通常以桦树过度生长（桦（Betula pendula），或者少用白杨（Populus tremula）。在西部和西南坡，过度生长发生于阔叶（Querqus robur和Acer platanoides），小叶（Populus tremula）和草原物种（Prúnusspinósa，Malus praecox和Pyrus pyraster）。在南部，杂草丛生的休闲区以草原或外来物种（Acer negundo）为主。