Abstract—

Modern climate characteristics have a strong impact on plants, insects, and biogeocoenotic relations among them. This is unambiguously supported by multiple studies worldwide, the reports of which are briefly reviewed in the present article. Most of the authors agree that air temperature is the most important factor directly affecting the development and population level of insects. Ranges of plant and insect species are shifting northwards and to higher altitudes. Phenological phases come ahead of time in spring and later in fall, which results in longer growth season. Time-series analysis and trends in five major weather elements in the southern forest-steppe zone in Voronezh oblast have revealed the weakening of climate continentality, increased precipitation over the growth period, and a higher frequency of extreme weather events. Additionally, the study detected changes in the population-level dynamics of insects, specifically, the gypsy moth, the green oak leaf roller, and the winter moth, which commonly occur on this plot, and the disturbance in their relations with host plants. The harmfulness of some species declines, while that of other species rises. Modeling allows one to predict some consequences of the direct effects of climate change on relationships between phyllophagous insects and their host plants. Delayed consequences associated with indirect climatic forcing are hard to predict. They will depend on the character of climate change and on response of plants and insects driven by their adaptation mechanisms.

中文翻译：

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森林食虫性昆虫对气候变化的响应

摘要-

现代气候特征对植物，昆虫以及它们之间的生物地理学关系有很大的影响。全世界的多项研究都明确地支持了这一点，本文简要回顾了其报告。大多数作者都认为，气温是直接影响昆虫发育和种群数量的最重要因素。植物和昆虫种类的范围正在向北移动，并移向更高的高度。物候期在春季提前，秋季提前，导致生长季节延长。沃罗涅日州南部森林草原带的五个主要天气要素的时间序列分析和趋势表明，气候大陆性减弱，整个生长期降水增加，极端天气事件的发生频率更高。另外，该研究发现了该地块上常见的昆虫种群水平动态变化，特别是吉普赛蛾，绿橡树卷叶蛾和冬蛾，以及它们与寄主植物的关系受到干扰。一些物种的危害性下降，而其他物种的危害性上升。通过建模可以预测气候变化对食叶昆虫与其寄主植物之间关系的直接影响。与间接气候强迫有关的延迟后果很难预测。它们将取决于气候变化的特征以及适应机制驱动的植物和昆虫的反应。通常发生在该地块上，以及它们与寄主植物的关系受到干扰。一些物种的危害性下降，而其他物种的危害性上升。通过建模可以预测气候变化对食叶昆虫与其寄主植物之间关系的直接影响。与间接气候强迫有关的延迟后果很难预测。它们将取决于气候变化的特征以及由它们的适应机制驱动的植物和昆虫的反应。通常发生在该地块上，以及它们与寄主植物的关系受到干扰。一些物种的危害性下降，而其他物种的危害性上升。通过建模可以预测气候变化对食叶昆虫与其寄主植物之间关系的直接影响。与间接气候强迫有关的延迟后果很难预测。它们将取决于气候变化的特征以及适应机制驱动的植物和昆虫的反应。与间接气候强迫有关的延迟后果很难预测。它们将取决于气候变化的特征以及由它们的适应机制驱动的植物和昆虫的反应。与间接气候强迫有关的延迟后果很难预测。它们将取决于气候变化的特征以及由它们的适应机制驱动的植物和昆虫的反应。