A growing body of research has shown that naturalized citizens’ attitudes towards immigration worsen following citizenship acquisition. Accordingly, these socially mobile individuals tend to distance themselves from their former immigrant ingroup. The present contribution explains such self–group distancing coping strategy in terms of an “ironic” procedural fairness effect. Study 1 (N = 566), a survey conducted among naturalized Swiss citizens, showed that fairness perceptions with respect to the naturalization process were indeed associated with stronger anti-immigration attitudes, and that this relationship was mediated by identification with the host nation. Next, two experiments were conducted to demonstrate the causality of the hypothesized mediation model. In Study 2 (Experiment 1; N = 248), fairness of the admission procedure (accurate vs. inaccurate) increased identification with a desirable group. In Study 3 (Experiment 2; N = 141), administration of a national identity prime evoked stronger anti-immigration attitudes. Taken together, our findings highlight a somewhat “dark side” of procedural fairness.

越来越多的研究表明，获得公民身份后，入籍公民对移民的态度恶化。因此，这些具有社会流动性的人倾向于与前移民群体保持距离。本贡献从“讽刺性”的程序公平效应的角度解释了这种自团体的距离应对策略。在归化的瑞士公民中进行的一项调查研究1（N = 566）显示，对归化过程的公平认识确实与更强的反移民态度有关，并且这种关系是通过与东道国的认同来调节的。接下来，进行了两个实验，以证明假设的调解模型的因果关系。在研究2中（实验1；N= 248），录取程序的公平性（准确与不准确）增加了对理想群体的认同感。在研究3中（实验2；N = 141），执行国家身份总理引发了更强的反移民态度。综上所述，我们的发现强调了程序公正性的某种“阴暗面”。