This experiment examined the effects of a redundant cue that predicted the target response to a target stimulus in a response conflict procedure using a flanker task. Participants received trials with five-character arrays with a central target character and distractor flanker characters that matched (compatible) or did not match (incompatible) the central target. Participants’ expectancies for compatible and incompatible trials were manipulated by presenting pre-trial cues that signaled the occurrence of compatible or incompatible trials. Some groups received a single cue predicting the target stimulus and the required target response. Other groups received this cue along with a second redundant, predictive cue. The presence of a second, redundant cue during training in which incompatible trials were predicted facilitated performance (errors were reduced) compared to when only a single cue was present. This finding is consistent with the potentiation effect in conditioning and learning. Extinction of the nontarget cue prior to testing on the target (a retrospective revaluation manipulation) had no effect on performance. The finding of potentiation between pre-trial cues that predict incompatible trials, but not cues that predict compatible trials, suggests that different strategic processes may occur during adaptation to conflict when different kinds of trials are expected.

该实验检查了冗余提示的效果，该提示在使用侧翼任务的响应冲突过程中预测了目标对目标刺激的响应。参与者接受了具有五个字符的数组的试验，这些数组具有中心目标字符和与中心目标匹配（兼容）或不匹配（不兼容）的牵引力侧翼字符。通过提出预试验的信号来操纵参与者对相容性和不相容性试验的期望，这些信号暗示了相容性或不相容性试验的发生。一些小组收到了一个预测目标刺激和所需目标反应的提示。其他小组则收到此提示以及第二个冗余的预测提示。一秒钟的存在 与仅存在单个提示的情况相比，预测不兼容试验的训练过程中的多余提示会提高性能（减少错误）。这一发现与调节和学习中的增强作用一致。在对目标进行测试（回顾性重估操作）之前，消灭非目标提示对性能没有影响。在预言不相容的试验的预试验线索之间发现了预言之间的增强，但预言不相容的试验的预试验线索之间没有发现增强，这表明在预期会进行各种试验的情况下，适应冲突的过程中可能会发生不同的战略过程。在对目标进行测试（回顾性重估操作）之前，消灭非目标提示对性能没有影响。在预言不相容的试验的预试验线索之间发现了预言之间的增强，但预言不相容的试验的预试验线索之间没有发现增强，这表明在预期会进行各种试验的情况下，适应冲突的过程中可能会发生不同的战略过程。在对目标进行测试（回顾性重估操作）之前，消灭非目标提示对性能没有影响。在预言不相容的试验的预试验线索之间发现了增强的发现，但预言了不相容的试验的预兆提示之间没有发现增强，这表明，当预期会有不同类型的试验时，在适应冲突的过程中可能会发生不同的战略过程。