Abstract Genetic diversity and the optimal genetic composition are essential for the adaptability and adaptation of tree populations. Artificial regeneration of stands might reduce the genetic diversity and increase family structures if the seeds were collected from a limited number of mother trees. We did a genetic inventory in 12 pedunculate oak stands in Russia using a set of 366 nuclear gene markers (361 SNPs, 5 Indels) in order to look for differences in the genetic composition among natural and artificial stands. Our results did not reveal any systematic differences among both types of stands. However, we found two extreme cases of limited genetic diversity and increased proportion of full-sibs and half-sibs in urban man-made stands. The implications for the forestry and gene conservation programs were discussed.

中文翻译：

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俄罗斯种植和天然栎木林分的遗传比较

摘要 遗传多样性和最优遗传组成对树种群的适应性和适应性至关重要。如果从有限数量的母树中收集种子，林分的人工更新可能会降低遗传多样性并增加家庭结构。我们使用一组 366 个核基因标记（361 个 SNP，5 个插入缺失）对俄罗斯的 12 个有花序橡树林进行了基因清点，以寻找天然林和人工林之间遗传组成的差异。我们的结果没有揭示两种类型的林分之间的任何系统差异。然而，我们发现了两种极端情况，即城市人造林分中遗传多样性有限，全同胞和半同胞比例增加。讨论了对林业和基因保护计划的影响。