Abstract

A case-control study was conducted to investigate the relationship between indoor air pollution and childhood acute leukemia (AL) in Shanghai. 97 cases and 148 gender-, age-, and residence-matched controls were included. Indoor air pollution was evaluated by questionnaires and quantitative measurement including 14 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) in the homes of the two groups. The levels of individual VOCs, VOC families, TVOC (sum of the concentrations of the individual VOCs) and NO₂ were compared between the two groups. Exposure to styrene and butyl alcohol were associated with an increased risk of childhood AL (styrene: odds ratio (OR)=2.33, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07-5.07; butyl alcohol: OR = 2.51, 95%CI: 1.19-5.28); 4th quartile of chlorinated hydrocarbons (OR = 2.52, 95%CI: 1.02-6.26) and 3rd quartile of TVOC (OR = 4.03, 95%CI: 1.06-6.81) had significant higher ORs for childhood AL compared with that in the lowest quartiles. Elevated levels of individual VOCs, VOC families and TVOC were also associated with self-reported risk factors. Our findings suggest that VOCs exposure was associated with an elevated risk of childhood AL, underscore that more attention should be paid to indoor air pollution as a risk factor of childhood AL.

摘要

进行了一项病例对照研究，以调查上海的室内空气污染与儿童急性白血病（AL）的关系。纳入97例病例和148例性别，年龄和居所匹配的对照。通过问卷调查和定量测量评估室内空气污染，包括两组家庭中的14种挥发性有机化合物（VOC）和二氧化氮（NO ₂）。比较了两组中各个VOC，VOC家族，TVOC（各个VOC浓度之和）和NO _2的水平。暴露于苯乙烯和丁醇会增加儿童期AL的风险（苯乙烯：比值比（OR） = 2.33，95 ％置信区间（CI）：1.07-5.07；丁醇：OR  = 2.51，95 ％CI：1.19-5.28）；氯代烃的第4四分位数（OR  = 2.52，95 ％CI： 1.02-6.26）和TVOC的第3四分位数（OR  = 4.03，95 ％CI： 1.06-6.81）儿童AL的OR s高于最低的四分位数。个体VOC，VOC家族和TVOC水平的升高也与自我报告的危险因素有关。我们的发现表明，VOCs暴露与儿童AL的风险升高有关，强调应更多地注意室内空气污染作为儿童AL的危险因素。