Abstract

Cataract is a multifactorial disease with increasing prevalence with age. Adult diabetics develop cataract earlier. Lens epithelial cells (LECs) exposed to oxidative stress (ROS), increased calcium deposit and membrane damage, undergo apoptosis, which results in lens opacification. Remaining LECs post-surgery leads to posterior capsular opacification (PCO). This study’s aim was to investigate the physiological characteristics of LECs from cataractous diabetic and non-diabetic lenses. Leader cells migration from age-related cataracts started on day 5–7 and from type-2 diabetics on day 8–10. Differences were found in the collective migratory activity and colony formation. On day 22, the colonies formed by LECs from age-related cataracts were three times more, than those formed by diabetic LECs. DNA synthesis and FOXM1 expression occurred in 55.76% of age-related cataract LECs, but only in 33.45% of diabetic LECs. The highest level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was found in diabetic LECs. Extracellular matrix calcification followed the same pattern as ROS. Among the main reasons for the development of age-related and diabetic cataracts is lens damage due to ROS release and elevated calcium levels. Diabetic LECs experience significantly lower in vitro migration and proliferative activities, compared to LECs from age-related cataracts. This is the first study of its kind in Bulgaria, contributing to the elucidation of the mechanisms of primary and secondary cataractogenesis in diabetic and non-diabetic adults.

摘要

白内障是一种多因素疾病，患病率随着年龄的增长而增加。成人糖尿病患者较早发展为白内障。晶状体上皮细胞（LEC）暴露于氧化应激（ROS），钙沉积增加和膜损伤，细胞凋亡，导致晶状体混浊。术后剩余的LEC会导致后囊混浊（PCO）。这项研究的目的是调查白内障糖尿病和非糖尿病性晶状体的LECs的生理特性。从年龄相关性白内障开始的前导细胞迁移在第5-7天开始，从2型糖尿病开始在第8-10天迁移。发现在集体迁徙活动和集落形成方面存在差异。在第22天，由年龄相关性白内障引起的LEC形成的菌落是糖尿病性LEC形成的菌落的三倍多。DNA的合成和FOXM1的表达发生在55岁。76％的年龄相关性白内障LEC，但仅占33.45％的糖尿病LEC。在糖尿病性LEC中发现了最高水平的活性氧（ROS）。细胞外基质钙化遵循与ROS相同的模式。年龄相关性和糖尿病性白内障发展的主要原因之一是由于ROS释放和钙水平升高引起的晶状体损害。糖尿病LEC的经历明显降低与来自年龄相关性白内障的LECs相比，体外迁移和增殖活性高。这是保加利亚同类研究中的第一项，有助于阐明糖尿病和非糖尿病成年人原发性和继发性白内障的发生机制。