Abstract

The demand and high market price for sea cucumber has led to the collapse of wild stocks for many traditional species in Asia and the Indo-Pacific. New species have therefore been introduced to the markets over recent decades, including Cucumaria frondosa. A fishery for C. frondosa emerged in the USA in the 1980s and quickly developed in Iceland, Canada and Russia. Commercial products include frozen and dry body wall (beche-de-mer), frozen muscle bands, dry aquapharyngeal bulb (flower), along with various pharmaceutical and nutraceutical extracts. This species is also a candidate for aquaculture due to its high marketability for food and bioactive products. Despite its naturally high abundance, C. frondosa is a temperate-polar slow-growing species with annual spawning; therefore, a precautionary approach must be taken to develop best practices for management of this resource. The present contribution reviews the biology, ecology, biochemical properties, harvesting and trade, and the potential aquaculture of C. frondosa. This comprehensive synthesis, including 10 theses, 197 scientific papers and 47 reports, aims to provide a framework for future research by highlighting areas of concern for academic studies, fishery management, and aquaculture of cold-water sea cucumber species.

摘要

海参的需求和高昂的市场价格导致亚洲和印太地区许多传统物种的野生种群数量锐减。因此，近几十年来，新品种被引入市场，包括Cucumaria frondosa。1980 年代，美国出现了C. frondosa渔业，并在冰岛、加拿大和俄罗斯迅速发展。商业产品包括冷冻和干燥的体壁 ( beche-de-mer )、冷冻肌肉带、干燥的水咽球茎（花）以及各种药物和营养提取物。由于其在食品和生物活性产品方面的高销售性，该物种也是水产养殖的候选物种。尽管自然丰度很高，C. frondosa是温带极地缓慢生长的物种，每年产卵；因此，必须采取预防措施来制定管理这一资源的最佳做法。本文稿回顾了C. frondosa的生物学、生态学、生化特性、收获和贸易以及潜在的水产养殖。这份综合综合报告包括 10 篇论文、197 篇科学论文和 47 份报告，旨在通过突出学术研究、渔业管理和冷水海参物种水产养殖的关注领域，为未来的研究提供一个框架。