ABSTRACT

Artificial intelligence (AI) can provide many benefits in healthcare, including rapid and effective treatment options. However, previous research on human–computer interactions has demonstrated that people are reluctant to accept AI. This study compared individuals’ trust in AI with their trust in doctors regarding medical treatment and explored whether people trust an AI system that understands and suggests their desired treatments. We conducted an online experiment (N = 415) adopting a scenario method. The participants were asked to imagine receiving a medical examination and being prescribed medicine by a physician or an AI system. Participants trusted the AI system less than a doctor, even when the AI system learned and suggested their desired treatment. This finding confirms that people are reluctant to trust AI even if it performs at the level of a human doctor, thereby strengthening the existent literature that shows people prefer human doctors.

摘要

人工智能（AI）可以为医疗保健带来许多好处，包括快速有效的治疗选择。但是，先前有关人机交互的研究表明，人们不愿接受AI。这项研究将个人对AI的信任与对医生在医疗方面的信任进行了比较，并探讨了人们是否信任能够理解并提出所需治疗方法的AI系统。我们进行了在线实验（ñ= 415）采用情景方法。要求参与者想象接受医疗检查并由医生或AI系统开出处方药。即使AI系统了解并建议了所需的治疗方法，参与者对AI系统的信任程度也比医生低。这一发现证实，即使人工智能在人类医生水平上的表现，人们也不愿相信它，从而加强了现有的文献，表明人们更喜欢人类医生。