Fish‐eating birds have been found to consume baitfish and sportfish raised on farms in the United States. Understanding the on‐farm economic effects of such wildlife conflicts is essential for wildlife management agencies to make informed decisions. Lesser scaup, while not widely considered a fish‐eating bird, will consume farmed fish. Baitfish and sportfish farms in Arkansas (the major baitfish and sportfish producing‐state in the U.S.) were surveyed to gather data on the cost of protecting farm crops from scaup. The values of lost sales revenue from the various species of baitfish and sportfish consumed by scaup were estimated based on a concomitant field study on the abundance, distribution, and dietary habits of scaup that visited Arkansas baitfish and sportfish farms during winters of 2016–2017 and 2017–2018. Economic effects were estimated for golden shiner, fathead minnow, sportfish, and goldfish farms. Total annual costs to scare birds from baitfish and sportfish farms were $622 ± 742 per ha. The greatest components of bird‐scaring costs were manpower (56%), truck usage (32%), levee upkeep for vehicle access to scare birds (9%), firearms and ammunition (2%), and pyrotechnic devices (1%). The combined annual economic losses, calculated as reduced revenue from fish losses to scaup plus expenditures to scare birds, averaged $683/ha for golden shiners, $695/ha for fathead minnows, $663/ha for sportfish, and $673/ha for goldfish across the two study years. The fish losses to scaup alone averaged $1.06 million per year ($0.09 million in Year 1 and $2.03 million in Year 2) for the Arkansas baitfish industry. Total direct negative economic effects on the Arkansas baitfish industry were estimated to be, on average, $5.5 million per year ($4.6 in Year 1 and $6.3 million in Year 2).

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斑背捕食对饵鱼和and鱼养殖场的经济影响

在美国，已经发现以食鱼为食的鸟类食用饵料和运动鱼。了解此类野生动植物冲突对农场的经济影响，对于野生动植物管理机构做出明智的决定至关重要。小鳞茎虽然不被广泛认为是食鱼鸟，但会食用养殖鱼。对阿肯色州的饵鱼和运动鱼养殖场（美国主要的饵鱼和运动鱼生产州）进行了调查，以收集有关保护农作物免受鳞茎腐烂的成本的数据。鳞甲虫食用的各种种类的鳞鱼和鲤鱼的损失销售收入的价值是根据对鳞甲虫的丰富度，分布和饮食习惯的现场研究得出的，该研究在2016-2017年冬季访问了阿肯色州的鳞鱼和鲑鱼养殖场， 2017–2018。据估计，对金光灿烂，fat鱼，min鱼，金枪鱼和金鱼养殖场产生了经济影响。每年从诱饵和运动鱼养殖场吓e鸟类的总成本为每公顷622±742美元。驱鸟成本的最大组成部分是人力（56％），卡车使用率（32％），大堤保管车辆进入恐鸟（9％），枪支弹药（2％）和烟火设备（1％） 。整个年度的经济损失，是根据从鱼类损失到斑背鸭的收入减少，再加上到吓鸟的支出减少而来的，在整个太平洋地区，平均每头金光闪闪的人为683美元/公顷，黑头min鱼的平均价格为695美元/公顷，运动鱼的平均价格为663美元/公顷，金鱼的平均价格为673美元/公顷。两个学习年。阿肯色州的ba鱼产业仅死于鳞甲鱼的鱼平均每年就损失106万美元（第一年为90万美元，第二年为203万美元）。