Although identification of population groups at high risk for low vitamin D status is of public health importance,there are no risk prediction tools available for children in Southern Europe that can cover this need. The present study aimed to develop and validate 2 simple scores that evaluate the risk for vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency in children. A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted among 2280 schoolchildren (9--13-year-old) living in Greece. The total sample was randomly divided into 2 subsamples of 1524 and 756 children, used in the development and validation of the 2 scores, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to develop the 2 risk evaluation scores, while receiver operating characteristic curves were employed to identify the optimal “points of change” for each risk score, upon which vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency is diagnosed with the highest possible sensitivity and specificity. The components of the 2 risk evaluation scores included children's age, gender, region of residence, screen-time, body weight status, maternal education, and season. The increase in each score by 1 unit elevated the likelihood for vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency by 31% and 28%, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic curves showed that the optimal “points of change” for each risk score, upon which vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency is diagnosed with the highest possible sensitivity and specificity were 8.5 and 12.5, respectively. In conclusion, this study developed 2 simple scores that evaluate the risk for vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency in children living in Greece. However, more studies are required for these scores to be validated in other populations of children from different countries.

尽管确定维生素 D 水平低的高风险人群对公共卫生具有重要意义，但南欧的儿童没有可用的风险预测工具可以满足这一需求。本研究旨在开发和验证 2 个简单评分，用于评估儿童维生素 D 不足或缺乏的风险。对居住在希腊的 2280 名学童（9 至 13 岁）进行了一项横断面流行病学研究。将总样本随机分为 1524 名和 756 名儿童的 2 个子样本，分别用于 2 个分数的制定和验证。多变量逻辑回归分析用于开发 2 个风险评估评分，而接收者操作特征曲线用于确定每个风险评分的最佳“变化点”，对维生素 D 不足和缺乏的诊断具有最高可能的敏感性和特异性。2 个风险评估评分的组成部分包括儿童的年龄、性别、居住地区、屏幕时间、体重状况、母亲教育和季节。每个分数增加 1 个单位，维生素 D 不足和缺乏的可能性分别增加 31% 和 28%。接受者操作特征曲线显示，每个风险评分的最佳“变化点”，即以最高可能的敏感性和特异性诊断维生素 D 不足或缺乏，分别为 8.5 和 12.5。总之，这项研究开发了 2 个简单的评分，用于评估生活在希腊的儿童维生素 D 不足或缺乏的风险。然而，