The numerous factors regulate the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMMSC) self-renewal and differentiation response. We aimed to analyze the influence of electromagnetic field (EMF) as an external inducing factor on rat BMMSC differentiation and proliferation to neuron and astrocyte cells. BMMSCs extracted from the rats femurs and tibias and incubated in a cell-cultured CO₂ incubator. After the third passages, the plates selected randomly and then divided into seven groups (Sham exposed, three groups of square, and three groups of sinusoidal waveform EMF (25, 50, and 75 Hz, 400 μT, 1 h/day). The BMMSCs exposed to EMF at the middle of a Helmholtz coil for 7 days. The viable cell counting and proliferation performed by the MTT test and BMMSC differentiation into the neuron and the astrocyte cell was studied by immunocytochemistry staining.

The results confirmed BMMSC viability and proliferation rate reduction in sinusoidal 25 Hz, square 50 Hz and sinusoidal 75 Hz EMF groups compare to sham. The maximum BMMSC differentiation to neuron was considered in sinusoidal 50 Hz and 75 Hz EMF groups. The increase of BMMSC differentiation to astrocyte cell was frequency dependent and the most differentiation was shown in square 75 Hz, and sinusoidal 75 Hz EMF groups. In conclusion, the results suggest that both square and sinusoidal EMF could affect BMMSC development and differentiation to neuron and astrocyte cells. Further studies for the consequence of EMF with wider flux density and frequency on BMMSC are recommended.

众多因​​素调节骨髓间充质干细胞（BMMSC）的自我更新和分化反应。我们旨在分析作为外部诱导因素的电磁场（EMF）对大鼠BMMSC分化和向神经元和星形胶质细胞增殖的影响。从大鼠股骨和胫骨中提取BMMSC，并在细胞培养的CO _2中孵育孵化器。在第三次通过之后，随机选择板，然后将其分为七个组（假手术暴露，三组正方形和三组正弦波形EMF（25、50和75 Hz，400μT，1 h / day）。 BMMSC在Helmholtz线圈中部暴露于EMF中7天，通过免疫细胞化学染色研究MTT法进行的活细胞计数和增殖，以及BMMSC向神经元和星形胶质细胞的分化。

结果证实，与假手术组相比，正弦曲线的25 Hz，方形的50 Hz和正弦曲线的75 Hz EMF组的BMMSC活力和增殖速率降低。在正弦50 Hz和75 Hz EMF组中考虑了最大的BMMSC向神经元的分化。BMMSC向星形胶质细胞分化的增加是频率依赖性的，在正方形75 Hz和正弦75 Hz EMF组中显示出最大的分化。总之，结果表明方形和正弦EMF均可影响BMMSC的发育以及向神经元和星形胶质细胞的分化。建议对BMMSC具有更宽的通量密度和频率的EMF的结果进行进一步研究。