In the present work, we assembled and characterized a de novo larval transcriptome of the Atlantic bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus by taking advantage of publicly available databases with the goal of better understanding its larval development. The assembled transcriptome comprised 37,117 protein-coding transcripts, of which 13,633 full-length (>80% coverage), with an Ex90N50 of 3061 bp and 76% of complete and single-copy core vertebrate genes orthologues. Of these transcripts, 34,980 had a hit against the EggNOG database and 14,983 with the KEGG database. Codon usage bias was identified in processes such as translation and muscle development. By comparing our data with a set of representative fish species, 87.1% of tuna transcripts were included in orthogroups with other species and 5.1% in assembly-specific orthogroups, which were enriched in terms related to muscle and bone development, visual system and ion transport. Following this comparative approach, protein families related to myosin, extracellular matrix and immune system resulted significantly expanded in the Atlantic bluefin tuna. Altogether, these results provide a glimpse of how the Atlantic bluefin tuna might have achieved early physical advantages over competing species in the pelagic environment. The information generated lays the foundation for future research on the more detailed exploration of physiological responses at the molecular level in different larval stages and paves the way to evolutionary studies on the Atlantic bluefin tuna.

在目前的工作中，我们组装并表征了大西洋蓝鳍金枪鱼Thunnus thynnus 的新生幼虫转录组通过利用公开可用的数据库，以更好地了解其幼虫的发育。组装的转录组包含 37,117 个蛋白质编码转录物，其中 13,633 个全长（> 80% 覆盖率），Ex90N50 为 3061 bp，76% 的完整和单拷贝核心脊椎动物基因直向同源物。在这些转录本中，有 34,980 个与 EggNOG 数据库相关，14,983 个与 KEGG 数据库相关。在翻译和肌肉发育等过程中发现了密码子使用偏好。通过将我们的数据与一组代表性鱼类进行比较，87.1% 的金枪鱼转录本包含在与其他物种的正群中，5.1% 包含在装配特定的正群中，这些正群在与肌肉和骨骼发育、视觉系统和离子传输相关的方面得到了丰富. 按照这种比较方法，与肌球蛋白、细胞外基质和免疫系统相关的蛋白质家族在大西洋蓝鳍金枪鱼中显着增加。总而言之，这些结果提供了大西洋蓝鳍金枪鱼如何在远洋环境中取得优于竞争物种的早期物理优势的一瞥。生成的信息为未来在不同幼虫阶段在分子水平上更详细地探索生理反应奠定了基础，并为大西洋蓝鳍金枪鱼的进化研究铺平了道路。