Deficits in inferring others' mental states, that is, theory of mind (ToM), and in regulating one's behavior, relating to executive function (EF), are risk factors for conduct problems in childhood, but these interrelations have scarcely been examined while simultaneously controlling for ADHD symptoms. This study assessed EF (inhibition, working memory updating, set shifting) as well as ToM (affective, cognitive) behaviorally and examined their direct and indirect cross-sectional relations to parent-rated conduct problems (CBCL) in 9- to 13-year-old children in a community sample (N = 1501). In structural-equation models, all paths were controlled for parent-rated ADHD symptoms (SDQ). Main results were a direct negative path from (affective) ToM to conduct problems, a direct positive path from EF to ToM, and an indirect negative path from EF via (affective) ToM to conduct problems. Therefore, fostering (affective) ToM combined with EF appears suitable to prevent conduct problems in children.

推断他人的心理状态（即心理理论）（ToM）和调节与执行功能（EF）有关的行为的缺陷，是儿童行为问题的危险因素，但几乎没有同时检查这些相互关系控制多动症的症状。这项研究评估了EF（抑制，工作记忆更新，设定转移）以及ToM（情感，认知）行为，并检查了他们在9到13年内与父母行为行为问题（CBCL）的直接和间接关系。社区样本中的大龄儿童（N = 1501）。在结构方程模型中，所有路径均受父母评定的ADHD症状（SDQ）控制。主要结果是从（情感）ToM到解决问题的直接消极路径，从EF到ToM的直接消极路径，以及从EF到（情感）ToM的间接消极路径来解决问题。因此，与EF结合的Tom（情感）ToM似乎适合预防儿童的行为问题。