Processes are a crucial artifact in organizations, since they coordinate the execution of activities so that products and services are provided. The use of models to analyze the underlying processes is a well-known practice. However, due to the complexity and continuous evolution of their processes, organizations need an effective way of analyzing the relation between processes and models. Conformance checking techniques assess the suitability of a process model in representing an underlying process, observed through a collection of real executions. One important metric in conformance checking is to assess the precision of the model with respect to the observed executions, i.e., characterize the ability of the model to produce behavior unrelated to the one observed. In this paper we present the notion of anti-alignment as a concept to help unveiling runs in the model that may deviate significantly from the observed behavior. Using anti-alignments, a new metric for precision is proposed. The proposed anti-alignment based precision metric satisfies most of the required axioms highlighted in a recent publication. Moreover, a complexity analysis of the problem of computing anti-alignments is provided, which sheds light into the practicability of using anti-alignment to estimate precision. Experiments are provided that witness the validity of the concepts introduced in this paper.

流程是组织中的关键工件，因为流程可以协调活动的执行，以便提供产品和服务。使用模型来分析基本过程是一种众所周知的做法。但是，由于流程的复杂性和不断发展，组织需要一种有效的方法来分析流程和模型之间的关系。一致性检查技术通过收集实际执行情况来评估流程模型在表示基础流程中的适用性。一致性检查的一项重要指标是评估模型相对于观察到的执行的精度，即表征模型产生与观察到的行为无关的行为的能力。在本文中，我们提出了反对准的概念作为一种概念，可以帮助揭示模型中可能与观察到的行为明显不同的运行。使用反对准，提出了一种新的精度指标。所提出的基于反对准的精度度量满足了最近出版物中突出显示的大多数必需公理。此外，提供了对计算反对准问题的复杂性分析，这为使用反对准估计精度提供了实用性。提供的实验证明了本文介绍的概念的有效性。