The emergence of new ultrasound technologies has improved our understanding of the brain functions and offered new opportunities for the treatment of brain diseases. Ultrasound has become a valuable tool in preclinical animal and clinical studies as it not only provides information about the structure and function of brain tissues but can also be used as a therapy alternative for brain diseases. High-resolution cerebral flow images with high sensitivity can be acquired using novel functional ultrasound and super-resolution ultrasound imaging techniques. The noninvasive treatment of essential tremors has been clinically approved and it has been demonstrated that the ultrasound technology can revolutionize the currently existing treatment methods. Microbubble-mediated ultrasound can remotely open the blood–brain barrier enabling targeted drug delivery in the brain. More recently, ultrasound neuromodulation received a great amount of attention due to its noninvasive and deep penetration features and potential therapeutic benefits. This review provides a thorough introduction to the current state-of-the-art research on brain ultrasound and also introduces basic knowledge of brain ultrasound including the acoustic properties of the brain/skull and engineering techniques for ultrasound. Ultrasound is expected to play an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and therapy of brain diseases.

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脑部超声检查：物理和工程原理以及临床应用的回顾

新的超声技术的出现增进了我们对脑功能的了解，并为治疗脑部疾病提供了新的机会。超声波已成为临床前动物和临床研究的重要工具，因为它不仅提供有关脑组织的结构和功能的信息，而且还可以用作脑疾病的替代疗法。使用新型功能超声和超分辨率超声成像技术可以获取具有高灵敏度的高分辨率脑血流图像。原发性震颤的无创治疗已得到临床批准，并且已经证明，超声技术可以彻底改变当前存在的治疗方法。微气泡介导的超声可以远程打开血脑屏障，从而可以在大脑中进行靶向药物输送。最近，超声神经调节由于其非侵入性和深穿透特性以及潜在的治疗益处而受到了广泛的关注。这篇综述全面介绍了当前有关脑超声的最新研究，还介绍了脑超声的基本知识，包括脑/颅骨的声学特性和超声工程技术。超声波有望在脑疾病的诊断和治疗中发挥越来越重要的作用。这篇综述全面介绍了当前有关脑超声的最新研究，还介绍了脑超声的基本知识，包括脑/颅骨的声学特性和超声工程技术。超声波有望在脑疾病的诊断和治疗中发挥越来越重要的作用。这篇综述全面介绍了当前有关脑超声的最新研究，还介绍了脑超声的基本知识，包括脑/颅骨的声学特性和超声工程技术。超声波有望在脑疾病的诊断和治疗中发挥越来越重要的作用。