Integrating electronics into the body of complex structural parts through 3-D printing is one of the most promising new technologies in additive manufacturing, giving the potential of lighter weight and smaller electronic systems. Although fused filament fabrication (FFF) is one of the cheapest and most widely available 3-D printing approaches available, FFF has lagged behind alternatives, such as direct write printing for incorporating electronics into 3-D printed parts. In this article, complex structural electronics are demonstrated using FFF. Numerous surface-mount components are integrated into the printing process for 3-D structures, and electrical contact is made using conductive thermoplastic filament with and without copper electroplating for improved conductivity. The electrical contact characteristics and bridging behavior of several commercially available filaments are investigated. A circuit demonstrator, a 555-timer oscillator circuit, is then printed using the process.

中文翻译：

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具有导电丝的3D打印结构电子产品

通过3D打印将电子技术集成到复杂结构零件的主体中，是增材制造中最有前途的新技术之一，具有减轻重量和缩小电子系统的潜力。尽管熔丝制造（FFF）是最便宜，使用最广泛的3D打印方法之一，但FFF落后于其他选择，例如将电子元件集成到3D打印部件中的直接写入打印。在本文中，使用FFF演示了复杂的结构电子学。许多表面贴装组件已集成到3-D结构的印刷过程中，并且使用具有或不具有铜电镀层的导电热塑性细丝进行电接触以提高导电性。研究了几种市售灯丝的电接触特性和桥接行为。然后使用该过程打印电路演示器，即555定时器振荡器电路。