In this review paper, some relevant models, algorithms, and approaches conceived to describe the bone tissue mechanics and the remodeling process are showcased. Specifically, we briefly describe the hierarchical structure of the bone at different levels and underline the geometrical substructure characterizing the bone itself. The mechanical models adopted to describe the bone tissue at different levels of observation are introduced in their essential aspects. Furthermore, the modeling of the evolution, including the growth and resorption of bone, is treated by analyzing the main approaches employed, namely the mechanical feedback concept and the structural optimization perspective. In this regard, the most prominent ways to model the biomechanical stimulus are summarized. The modeling of the interaction with prostheses or grafts commonly used in reconstructive surgery is also recalled. The main aim of this survey consists thereby in providing the appropriate knowledge to mimic the deeply structured hierarchy of the bone tissue for synthesizing innovative and highly performing bio-inspired metamaterials.

在这篇综述文章中，展示了一些旨在描述骨组织力学和重塑过程的相关模型，算法和方法。具体来说，我们简要描述了骨骼在不同层次上的层次结构，并强调了表征骨骼本身的几何子结构。在其基本方面介绍了用来描述不同观察级别的骨组织的机械模型。此外，通过分析所采用的主要方法，即机械反馈概念和结构优化观点，来处理包括骨骼生长和再吸收在内的进化建模。在这方面，总结了模拟生物力学刺激的最主要方法。还回顾了与重建手术中常用的假体或移植物相互作用的模型。因此，这项调查的主要目的在于提供适当的知识，以模仿骨骼组织的深层次结构，以合成创新的高性能高性能生物启发的超材料。