As the most densely populated area, a city is an open and complex giant system. This has been widely agreed by scientists.^1–3 ‘System’ is a complex entirety formed by a group of interacting or interdependent parts. Each system is divided by its spatial and temporal boundaries, influenced by its surrounding environment, described by its structure and purpose and reflected in its function.⁴ The open complex giant system has four characteristics: numerous varieties, large quantities, openness and multi-layer structures.¹ Therefore, the operation and development of an urban system needs to deal with the relationship between the urban system and the external environment,⁵ as well as the hierarchy of its subsystems, so as to correctly recognize and coordinate the system dynamics of the urban built environment.

中文翻译：

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城市建筑环境的系统逻辑

作为人口最稠密的地区，城市是一个开放而复杂的巨型系统。这已经被科学家广泛认可。^1-3 “系统”是由一组相互作用或相互依存的部分组成的复杂整体。每个系统都由其空间和时间边界划分，并受其周围环境的影响，由其结构和用途描述并在其功能中反映出来。⁴开放的复杂巨人系统具有四个特征：种类繁多，数量大，开放性和多层结构。¹因此，城市系统的运营和发展需要处理城市系统与外部环境之间的关系，⁵ 以及其子系统的层次结构，以便正确识别和协调城市建筑环境的系统动力学。