Abstract

Due to changes in pest management practices, farmers’ reports of severe feeding injury to cranberries, Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton Ericales: Ericaceae, caused by the cranberry toad-bug, Phylloscelis rubra Ball, have increased in recent years in New Jersey (United States). Currently, however, limited information is available on the effects of P. rubra feeding or density of individuals needed to cause injury to cranberry vines and fruit. In 2015‒2017, we conducted studies to characterize injury to cranberry at a range of P. rubra densities by using cages in a screen-house and field, to establish a correlation between P. rubra density and crop injury in an open field experiment, and to measure the effects of P. rubra injury on the nutritional content (i.e., amounts of macro- and microelements) of cranberry vines. Phylloscelis rubra feeding on cranberry vines produced typical injury symptoms at relatively low densities (i.e., 2 individuals per vine in field cages or <10 individuals per sweep net sample in open fields), which included discolored (yellowish or reddish) or dead (brown) vines. This vine injury could lead to reductions in fruit mass and total fruit number. However, P. rubra injury to cranberry vines did not alter their nutritional composition. In general, this study highlights the ability of P. rubra to cause substantial injury to cranberry vines even when population densities were relatively low, which could result in declines in fruit production (quality and quantity). Therefore, infestations by P. rubra in cranberries must be considered when making pest management decisions in regions where this insect is present.

中文翻译：

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表征由毛孢小圆盘菌（半翅目：Dictyopharidae）对蔓越莓造成的进食伤害

摘要

由于病虫害管理方法的变化，近年来，在新泽西州（美国），关于蔓越莓蟾蜍臭虫Phylloscelis rubra Ball造成蔓越莓严重饲喂伤害的报道增加了农民蔓越莓（Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton Ericales：Ericaceae）的报道。然而，目前，关于小菜蛾进食的影响或造成蔓越莓藤蔓和果实伤害所需的个体密度的信息很少。在2015‒2017年，我们进行了研究，通过在筛选房和田地中使用笼子，在一定范围的紫菜密度下对蔓越莓造成的伤害进行了表征，并通过露天试验建立了紫菜密度与作物伤害之间的相关性，并衡量红杨假单胞菌对蔓越莓藤的营养成分（即大量和微量元素的含量）的伤害。Phylloscelis杨梅上蔓越莓葡萄藤馈送产生的典型损伤症状在相对低的密度（即，每藤2个个体在字段笼或<每次扫描净样品10个人在开放领域），其中包括变色（发黄或红）的或死的（褐色）藤蔓。这种藤蔓损伤可能导致果实质量和总果实数量减少。然而，P.杨梅伤害蔓越莓的藤蔓并没有改变他们的营养成分。总的来说，这项研究突出了红假单胞菌的能力。即使人口密度相对较低，也会对蔓越莓藤造成严重伤害，这可能导致水果产量（质量和数量）下降。因此，通过侵染P.杨梅在酸果蔓必须使区域害虫管理决策时，其中该昆虫是本加以考虑。