Adopting suitable tillage and fertilization technologies for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) can address poor soil conditions and high residual nitrogen following rice (Oryza sativa L.) harvest to improve the sustainability of rice–wheat rotation systems. A field experiment was conducted in 2016–2018 to investigate the influence of tillage methods and nitrogen rates on wheat seedling growth (at the beginning of over‐wintering stage), tillering characteristics, and grain yield. The tillage methods included no‐tillage (NT), rotary tillage twice (RR), and plow tillage followed by rotary tillage (PR). The nitrogen rates were 270 (N270), 240 (N240), and 210 kg ha⁻¹ (N210). In 2016–2017 (higher soil moisture during tillage), NT improved early growth (i.e., leaf area and biomass per stem), single spike yield, and grain yield compared with PR and RR. In 2017–2018 (lower soil moisture during tillage), PR and RR resulted in stronger seedlings (greater tiller number and leaf area and biomass per stem), more fertile tillers, and higher grain yield than NT. In both years, grain yield under RR was between that of PR and NT. With reduced nitrogen application, seedling growth, tiller number, single spike yield, and grain yield showed a declining tendency. We found that more tillers at seedling growth stage (the five‐leaf stage in both years) could boost fertile tiller number, and at this time greater leaf area and biomass per stem were correlated with higher single spike yield. This study demonstrates that suitable tillage and fertilizer applications can facilitate yield formation through improved number and vigor of the early‐produced tillers.

中文翻译：

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耕作和氮素管理通过促进分growth生长和产量提高了小麦产量

对小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）采用合适的耕作和施肥技术可以解决水稻（Oryza sativa L.）收获后土壤条件恶劣和残留氮高的问题，从而提高稻麦轮作系统的可持续性。2016-2018年进行了田间试验，研究了耕作方法和施氮量对小麦幼苗生长（越冬阶段开始时），分characteristics特性和籽粒产量的影响。耕作方法包括免耕（NT），两次旋耕（RR），犁耕再旋转耕作（PR）。氮速率为270（N270），240（N240）和210 kg ha ^-1（N210）。在2016-2017年（耕作期间较高的土壤水分），与PR和RR相比，NT改善了早期生长（即，每茎叶面积和生物量），单穗产量和籽粒产量。在2017-2018年（耕作过程中土壤水分较低）中，PR和RR导致的幼苗（与分NT相比，分number数量和叶面积和单茎生物量更大），分fer更肥沃，谷物产量更高。在这两年中，RR下的谷物单产都在PR和NT之间。随着施氮量的减少，幼苗的生长，分number数，单穗产量和籽粒产量均呈下降趋势。我们发现，在幼苗生长阶段（两个年份都处于五叶阶段），更多的分ers可以增加肥大的分till数量，此时更大的叶面积和每茎生物量与更高的单穗产量相关。