Strong and sustained winds can drive dramatic hydrodynamic responses in density‐stratified lakes, with the associated transport and mixing impacting water quality, ecosystem function, and the stratification itself. Analytical expressions offer insight into the dynamics of stratified lakes during severe wind events. However, it can be difficult to predict the aggregate response of a natural system to the superposition of hydrodynamic phenomena in the presence of complex bathymetry and when forced by variable wind patterns. Using an array of current, temperature, and water quality measurements at the upwind shore, we detail the hydrodynamic response of deep, rotationally influenced Lake Tahoe to three strong wind events during late spring. Sustained southwesterly winds in excess of 10 m s⁻¹ drove upwelling at the upwind shore (characteristic of non‐rotational upwelling setup), with upward excursions of deep water exceeding 70 m for the strongest event. Hypolimnetic water, with elevated concentrations of chlorophyll a and nitrate, was advected toward the nearshore, but this water rapidly returned to depth with the relaxation of upwelling after the winds subsided. The relaxation of upwelling exhibited rotational influence, highlighted by an along‐shore, cyclonic front characteristic of a Kelvin wave‐driven coastal jet, with velocities exceeding 25 cm s⁻¹. The rotational front also produced downwelling to 100 m, transporting dissolved oxygen to depth. More complex internal wave features followed the passage of these powerful internal waves. Results emphasize the complexity of these superimposed hydrodynamic phenomena in natural systems, providing a conceptual reference for the role upwelling events may play in lake ecosystems.

中文翻译：

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在受旋转影响的深水湖中春季上升流的建立和松弛

强风和持续风会在密度分层的湖泊中引发剧烈的水动力响应，相关的运输和混合作用会影响水质，生态系统功能以及分层本身。解析表达式可让您深入了解强风事件期间分层湖泊的动态。但是，在存在复杂的测深法时以及在受到可变风型的强迫时，很难预测自然系统对水动力现象叠加的总体响应。利用上风沿岸的一系列电流，温度和水质测量结果，我们详细介绍了深春季受旋转影响的太浩湖对春末期间三场强风事件的水动力响应。持续的西南风超过10 m s ^-1在上风向海岸带驱动上升流（非旋转上升流特征），最强事件的深水向上偏移超过70 m。叶绿素a和硝酸盐浓度较高的催眠水向近岸平流，但随着风消退，随着上升流的松弛，该水迅速返回深处。上升流的松弛表现出旋转影响，其特征是开尔文波驱动的沿海射流的近岸气旋锋面特征，其速度超过25 cm s ^-1。旋转锋面还产生了下沉至100 m，将溶解的氧气输送到深处。这些强大的内部波通过之后，内部波的特征变得更加复杂。结果强调了自然系统中这些叠加的水动力现象的复杂性，为上升事件在湖泊生态系统中的作用提供了概念上的参考。