Surface high temperature extremes have a large impact on society and environment, and their relationship to the large‐scale circulation has been explored in detail. However, most of these studies have investigated these relationships in a single location or region, and focused on events that persist at this location sufficiently long to be considered heatwave‐like events. Moreover, few studies have explored the full lifecycle of extreme temperature events. The present study introduces a simple object that can be used to follow areas of extreme temperature that moves through time, and presents a basic global climatology of these objects, showing that shorter high temperature objects are more frequently found in the tropics and longer objects are more likely along the mid‐latitude jet regions. Heatwave‐length (three or more days) high temperature events in the south‐eastern part of Australia are also explored using this object approach, showing that while many shorter length objects in the area form and decay within the region, longer objects tend to first appear along the coast west of much of the south‐east Australian region and decay mostly over the ocean to the south‐east of the region. The area affected by the objects is closely associated to the propagation of circulation anomalies, moving from west to east with surface temperature extremes slightly to the west of upper‐level anticyclonic anomalies and in between a surface high to the east and a trough/low/cold front to the west. The large‐scale circulation anomalies are similar in structure but differ in magnitude for different lengths of objects that affect south‐east Australia, although longer‐lived objects have upper‐level anticyclonic anomalies located further north than the shorter heatwave‐length objects. Objects that affect both far western and south‐eastern Australia closely resemble the longer south‐eastern Australian heatwave‐length objects.

中文翻译：

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从物体角度看极端高温事件及其在澳大利亚东南部的应用

地表高温极端事件对社会和环境影响很大，并且已经详细探讨了它们与大规模环流的关系。但是，大多数这些研究都在单个位置或区域中研究了这些关系，并将重点放在在该位置持续足够长的事件以至于被视为类似于热浪的事件。此外，很少有研究探索极端温度事件的整个生命周期。本研究介绍了一个简单的物体，该物体可用于追踪随时间变化的极端温度区域，并介绍了这些物体的基本全球气候，显示在热带地区更短的高温物体更为常见，而更长的物体则更多。可能沿着中纬度急流地区。还使用这种物体方法对澳大利亚东南部的热波长度（三天或更多天）高温事件进行了研究，结果表明，虽然该区域中许多较短的物体形成并在该区域内衰减，但较长的物体往往会首先出现出现在澳大利亚东南部大部分地区的西部沿海地区，并主要在该地区东南部的海洋上衰变。受物体影响的区域与环流异常的传播密切相关，从西向东移动，其表面温度极端值略高于高层反气旋异常的西侧，并且在高东向的表面与低/低/西部冷锋。大尺度的环流异常在结构上相似，但对于影响澳大利亚东南部的不同长度的物体，其大小却有所不同，尽管寿命更长的天体比起较短的热波天体，其高层反气旋异常位于更北的位置。影响澳大利亚西部和东南部的物体与澳大利亚东南部较长的热波长度物体非常相似。