The return of organic materials to cultivated fields to improve soil quality and to sequester carbon are widely studied, but the effects of combining different types of organic material on soil microbial diversity and community structure are poorly understood, particularly in alkaline soils. An incubation experiment was performed to study the effects of incorporating two straw-derived materials (fresh straw and semi-decomposed straw) alone or in combination with wood ash. The organic carbon content of soil treated with straw-derived materials was significantly higher than that of soil with no straw and wood addition, but there was no significant difference between the fresh straw and semi-decomposed straw treatments. Microbial diversity was decreased by the addition of straw on day 7; however, the combination of fresh/semi-decomposed straw with wood ash increased bacterial diversity on day 118, and the combination of semi-decomposed straw with wood ash increased fungal diversity. Fresh straw combined with wood ash significantly increased the abundance of Ascomycota by 15.5% relative to that of soil treated with semi-decomposed straw, and semi-decomposed straw combined with wood ash increased the abundance of Basidiomycota by 40.5% relative to that of soil treated with fresh straw. Amendment with straw-derived materials and wood ash shaped the bacterial community in alkaline soil by changing the soil organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon and pH, and the characteristics of straw-derived materials and wood ash shaped the fungal community. Straw-return modes that employ semi-decomposed straw and wood ash addition can maintain organic carbon levels and improve the soil micro-environment.

中文翻译：

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秸秆原料与木灰复合对碱性土壤碳含量及微生物群落的影响

有机材料返回耕地以改善土壤质量和固碳的研究得到了广泛研究，但人们对结合不同类型的有机材料对土壤微生物多样性和群落结构的影响知之甚少，尤其是在碱性土壤中。进行了孵化实验以研究单独或与木灰结合使用两种秸秆衍生材料（新鲜秸秆和半分解秸秆）的效果。秸秆衍生材料处理的土壤有机碳含量显着高于不加秸秆和木材的土壤，但新鲜秸秆和半腐熟秸秆处理的土壤有机碳含量无显着差异。在第 7 天添加稻草降低了微生物多样性；然而，新鲜/半分解秸秆与木灰的组合在第 118 天增加了细菌多样性，半分解秸秆与木灰的组合增加了真菌多样性。新鲜秸秆与木灰混合使子囊菌的丰度相对于半分解秸秆处理的土壤显着增加15.5%，半分解秸秆与木灰混合使担子菌的丰度相对于处理土壤增加40.5%用新鲜的稻草。秸秆衍生材料和木灰的修正通过改变土壤有机碳、溶解有机碳和 pH 值来塑造碱性土壤中的细菌群落，秸秆衍生材料和木灰的特性塑造了真菌群落。